1 / 18

Ben Greyling ARC-API, Irene

Utilizing Genomics in genetic improvement Molecular genetics as a tool in wildlife breeding, management and conservation ( An African Buffalo case study). Ben Greyling ARC-API, Irene. Menu Role of Mol. Gen. in w ildlife management/conservation/breeding The ABC of DNA

benjamin-barber
Download Presentation

Ben Greyling ARC-API, Irene

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Utilizing Genomics in genetic improvementMolecular genetics as a tool in wildlife breeding, management and conservation (An African Buffalo case study) Ben Greyling ARC-API, Irene

  2. Menu • Role of Mol. Gen. in wildlife management/conservation/breeding • The ABC of DNA • The African buffalo: A case study • Genomics: Where do we stand? • The Cattle model: from genetic variation, to marker assisted selection to quantitative variation • Cape buffalo – recent developments

  3. Primary objective of conservation and management To protect diversity, ensure sustainable use of the resource • Driving forces: need to qualify and quantify Role of Mol tools: Supply baseline info • Levels of genetic variation, inbreeding • Pop structure – genetic distances/assignment? • Gene flow between populations? • Effective population size vs. census size • Admixture (Genomics..) • Relationship between variation and fitness/adaptation • Gene regulation/expression under environmental control

  4. More applications… • Forensics and traceability: Individual ID • Parentage verification (selection and management tool) • Hybrid identification • Genomics: Quantitative variation – from genotype to phenotype • Epigenetics: Environments effect on genes - heritable trait expression..

  5. …AACGTGTTGACGCCGTAATGCATAATCTHISWILLEVENTUALLYDRIVEYOUCRAZYCGCTAGCCTTCGGCAATC...…AACGTGTTGACGCCGTAATGCATAATCTHISWILLEVENTUALLYDRIVEYOUCRAZYCGCTAGCCTTCGGCAATC... The value of Mol Gen tools: Making sense of “useless information”

  6. 3000 000 000 letters per cell… T Point mutation (SNP) deletion A A C G C T T A G C T A G C T C A T T G C G AAT C G A T C G A G T insertion

  7. African buffalo: A major role player in our ecosystems/metapopulation • Largest populations confined to conservancies • Model species with regard to pop. dynamics - factors affecting it • Genetic variation, structure, gene flow, disease status, etc. Contributed immensely to conservation and management strategies

  8. Case studies: Population structure • KNP vs. HiP 99% accurate assignment of individuals to pops due to genetic distance

  9. Case studies: Genetic variation Periods of low Ne for some populations in SA: ?? sustainability of genetic variation ?? compromised adaptation in response to changing environment? Example: Genetic erosion in HiP: 1% per year

  10. East vs. southern African subpopulations? • Little genetic differentiation • East/southern African population a separate management unit, differ substantially from central/west African lineage • Substantial variation in both sub-populations

  11. Gene expression/regulation: The Y-Chromosome • Its raining men • Environment and body condition: switch on/switch off… • Sex ratio distorted: more males in the wet season • Particular genotypes dominate depending on environment (season) – affect sex ratio • Sex ratio and BTB-link?

  12. Heterozygote-fitness-correlation (HFC) • Low genetic variation = low body condition – affect genes on the “Y” • Bad genes expressed in southern KNP, link to BTB, what the Y is going on?…. • Females can also affect sex ratio… • Epigenetic factors? • BTB susceptibility may have an epigenetic link – heritable..

  13. Ranches: management-scenario’s • Small populations, restricted gene flow • Controlled breeding (non-random mating) • Fragmented populations and “lines” • Breeding and selection among “lines”, e.g. Addo-Lowveld • Preference for market-desired phenotypes

  14. Potential consequences of ranching • Reduction in genetic variation (inbreeding?) • Increase in frequency of deleterious alleles • Loss of adaptive genes/fitness • disease resistance, reproduction, growth etc. • Reduction in effective pop size – sustainability of variation? • Admixture – potential outbreeding depression • Compromised adaptability

  15. Genomics to the rescue: Linking the DNA code to performance and phenotype (amongst others…) • SNP vs. full genome sequences – from a good amount of info to a desired amount of info • Powerful tools to address needs of wildlife industry • Substantially applied to livestock • Quantitative genetics: Selection tool for superior genetics • Fast track genetic improvement

  16. Genomics for buffalo? • 3K SNP panel already developed identified using next generation sequencing technology • Projects in pipeline using the 3K panel = more powerful approach • Buffalo and quantitative genetics: Breeding values on the horizon? • Scope for genomic breeding values…

  17. Requirements for Genomics: • Accurate pedigrees • Phenotypic records • Reference populations • DNA (SNP) profiles • Test populations

  18. The future is now with this technology Are we ready to adopt?

More Related