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The Six Kingdoms:

Explore the world of viruses, microscopic invaders that replicate inside host cells through lytic or lysogenic cycles. Understand the structure of viruses, their impact on diseases like HIV and flu, and the significance of vaccinations. Dive into the roles of Archaebacteria and Eubacteria in different environments and their replication methods. Discover the importance of bacteria in causing diseases, recycling nutrients, and antibiotic resistance.

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The Six Kingdoms:

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  1. The Six Kingdoms: Chapter 17

  2. Viruses: • Microscopic particles that invade cells and cause disease • Non-living because they do not grow or develop or carry out respiration; they can only reproduce inside living cells (called a host cell)

  3. Structure of a virus: • Nucleic acid core: either DNA or RNA • Capsid: outer protein coat • Tail fibers: used to attach to host cell

  4. Viruses replicate in lytic or lysogenic cycles: (make a copy) • Lytic cycle (active): • Virus attaches to host cell • Injects viral nucleic acid which destroys host’s DNA • New viruses made inside the cell • Host cell pops, releasing virus to infect other cells

  5. Lytic Cycle:

  6. Lysogenic Cycle: • Viral DNA is joined with the host cell’s DNA (chromosomes) and can be passed on to daughter cells • Virus is present but not active • Explains why some diseases seem to go away only to reappear later and why some diseases don’t show up for many years

  7. Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle: Amoeba sisters …

  8. HIV, flu, chicken pox, colds, hepatitis, measles Can you guess which diseases are caused by lysogenic cycles and lytic cycles? Examples of Viruses:

  9. Vaccinations: • Use weakened or dead form of a virus to create antibodies against the virus • How do they work?

  10. 6 Kingdoms • Archaebacteria • Eubacteria • Protist • Fungi • Plant • Animal

  11. Archaebacteria: Prokaryotes Hetero/autotrophic Most ancient kingdom – 3.5 billion years Live in extreme environments (deep sea vents/swamps/no oxygen) Bacteria:

  12. Eubacteria: • Prokaryotes • Hetero/autotrophic • Live everywhere (except extreme environments) • Ex: Strep, Tetanus

  13. Structure of a Bacterial Cell: • Strong cell wall; prevents bursting • DNA in single circular chromosome • Plasmid: small ring of DNA DNA

  14. Bacteria replicate by Binary Fission • Binary Fission: Bacteria reproduce by dividing in half

  15. The importance of bacteria: • Cause disease (pathogens) • Ex: strep throat, tetanus, Lyme disease • Fewer deaths from bacterial infections because of sanitation and hygiene Lyme disease

  16. The importance of bacteria: • Recycle nutrients through decomposition • Foods: cheese, yogurt • Medicines: produce antibiotics to kill bacteria • Antibiotic resistance

  17. Yes you need to know this!

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