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SOUTHERN REGION METAR/TAF BRIEFING SPRING 1996

SOUTHERN REGION METAR/TAF BRIEFING SPRING 1996. An Introduction to the ICAO Format. ICAO Weather. OBJECTIVE Interpret and disseminate ICAO weather products. MOTIVATION US will comply with ICAO procedures by July 1, 1996. ICAO Weather. METAR Aviation Routine Weather report SPECI

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SOUTHERN REGION METAR/TAF BRIEFING SPRING 1996

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  1. SOUTHERN REGION METAR/TAF BRIEFING SPRING 1996

  2. An Introduction to theICAO Format

  3. ICAO Weather • OBJECTIVE • Interpret and disseminate ICAO weather products. • MOTIVATION • US will comply with ICAO procedures by July 1, 1996.

  4. ICAO Weather • METAR • Aviation Routine Weather report • SPECI • Special Aviation Weather report • TAF • Terminal Forecast • TAF AMD • Amended Terminal Forecast

  5. Routine Aviation Weather Report (METAR) MIA SA 1856 AO2A CLR BLO 120 10+ 118/32/21/0807/997 METAR KMIA 231856Z AUTO 08007KT 10SM CLR 12/M04 A2997 RMK AO2 SLP118

  6. MeteorologicalAerodromeReport

  7. ORDER OF ENTRY SURFACE ANALYSISLOCID / RPT TYPE / OBS TYPE / TIME / AUTO / SKY COND / VSBY / SIG WX / RSTN TO VSBY / SLP / TEMP / DEW PT / WIND / ALSTG/ RMKSMETAR RPT TYPE / LOCID / TIME / AUTO / SFC WIND / VSBY / RVR / SIG WX / RSTN TO VSBY / SKY COND / TEMP / DEW PT / ALSTG / RMKS

  8. METAR METARKMIA 231856Z AUTO 08007KT 10SM CLR 32/21 A2997 RMK AO2 • TYPE OF REPORT

  9. METAR METAR KMIA 231856Z AUTO 08007KT 10SM CLR 32/21 A2997 RMK AO2 • LOCATION in FOUR LETTERS • KDEN, PAFA, PHNL, CYYC, MMMX

  10. METAR METAR KMIA 231856ZAUTO 08007KT 10SM CLR 32/21 A2997 RMK AO2 • DATE/TIME group in UTC • Observation between H+50 & 00 • International on the hour - 231900Z

  11. METAR METAR KMIA 231856ZAUTO 08007KT 10SM CLR 32/21 A2997 RMK AO2 • AUTOMATED Weather Observations • Fully automated, no human intervention • AUTO removed when an observer is present

  12. METAR METAR KMIA 231856ZCOR 08007KT 10SM CLR 32/21 A2997 RMK AO2 • CORRECTION • Canada - CCA,

  13. METAR METAR KMIA 231856Z AUTO 08007KT 10SM CLR 32/21 A2997 RMK AO2 • SURFACE WIND • Direction in Three Digits • Speed in Two or Three Digits plus Gusts 00000KT VRB06KT 33012MPS 18032KPH 24015G25KT 200V270

  14. METAR METAR KMIA 231856Z AUTO 08007KT 10SM CLR 32/21 A2997 RMK AO2 • VISIBILITY • 20SM Statute Miles • M1/4SM AUTO only • 7000 Meters • 15KM Kilometers

  15. METAR METAR KJFK 231856Z AUTO 16007KT 1/4SM R21/1600FT +SN BKN045 M06/M10 A2982 RMK AO2 • RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE • R21/ Runway, plus L, C, or R • 1600FT Visibility, M0600FT/P6000FT • R10L/1600V2000FT Variability • Canada 1600/D, 1600/U, 1600/N

  16. METAR METAR KMIA 231856Z AUTO 08007KT 5SM -SHRA BKN045 32/21 A2997 RMK AO2 • SIGNIFICANT WEATHER • Present at the station or in the vicinity

  17. QUALIFIERIntensity • - Light • none Moderate • + Heavy

  18. QUALIFIERProximity • VC Vicinity • Within 5 to 10SM of station, except precipitation is 0 to 10SM. • VCTS VCSH • VCFG VCPO • VCBLSN VCDS • VCBLDU VCSS

  19. QUALIFIERDescriptor MIFG BCFG PRFG BLDU SHRA DRSN FZDZ TSGR VCTS VCSH

  20. QUALIFIERDescriptor • MI Shallow (mince) • MIFG • BCPatches (banc) • BCFG • PR Partial • PRFG

  21. QUALIFIERDescriptor • SHShowers • SHRA, SHSN, SHPE, SHGR, SHGS • DRLowDrifting • DRSN, DRDU, DRSA • TSThunderstorm • TS, TSRA, TSGR, TSRASNGR

  22. QUALIFIERDescriptor • FZ Freezing • FZRA, FZDZ, FZFG • BL Blowing • BLSN, BLSA, BLPY, BLDU

  23. WEATHER PHENOMENAPrecipitation • DZ Drizzle • RARain • SNSnow • SGSnow Grains • IC Ice Crystals

  24. WEATHER PHENOMENAPrecipitation • PEIce Pellets • GRHail (grele) (>1/4IN) • GSSmall Hail(gresil) or Snow Pellets (<1/4IN) • UP Unknown Precipitation

  25. WEATHER PHENOMENAObstructions to Visibility • BR Mist (brume) (VIS 5/8 - 6) • FGFog (VIS <5/8) • FUSmoke(fumee) • VA Volcanic Ash

  26. WEATHER PHENOMENARestrictions to Visibility • SA Sand • HZ Haze • PY Spray • DU Dust

  27. WEATHER PHENOMENAOther • SQ Squalls (Sudden increase at least 16 kts, at 22 kts or more lasting at least 1 min.) • SS/+SS Sandstorm • DS/+DS Duststorm

  28. WEATHER PHENOMENAOther • PO Dust / Sand Whirls • FCFunnel Cloud • +FCTornado or Waterspout

  29. WEATHER PHENOMENAExamples • MIFG Shallow Fog • BLSA Blowing Sand • VCTS Thunderstorm in the Vicinity • FZDZFreezing Drizzle • -RASNLight Rain & Snow +FC +TSRASNGR BLSN

  30. METAR METAR KMIA 231856Z AUTO 08007KT 10SM CLR32/21 A2997 RMK AO2 • SKY CONDITION • Automated report - CLR BLO 120

  31. METAR METAR KMIA 231856Z AUTO 08007KT 10SM BKN035 32/21 A2997 RMK AO2 • SKY CONDITION • Cloud bases in 3 digits, 001, 011, 110 • Sky cover in OKTAs (eighths) • No ceiling designator, first BKN or OVC layer aloft is the ceiling

  32. SKY CONDITION • SKC or CLR Clear • FEW015 Few >0 - <2/8 • SCT029 Scattered 3/8 - 4/8 • BKN045Broken 5/8 - 7/8 • OVC110Overcast 8/8

  33. SKY CONDITION • BKN060TCU Towering Cumulus • OVC090CB Cumulonimbus • VV004 Vertical Visibility • Indefinite ceiling 400

  34. SKY CONDITIONPartial Obscurations • FEW000 >0 to 2/8 sky obscured • Few clouds less than five zero • SCT0003/8 to 4/8 sky obscured • Scattered clouds less than five zero • BKN0005/8 to 7/8 sky obscured • Broken clouds less than five zero

  35. SKY CONDITIONPartial Obscurations • 4SM BR BKN000 (RMK BR BKN000) • Visibility four, mist (fog), sky partially obscured five to seven eighths of the sky obscured by clouds • 1/2SM SN FG BKN000 BKN007 • Visibility one-half, snow, fog, sky partially obscured five to seven eights of the sky obscured by clouds, ceiling seven hundred broken

  36. METAR METAR KATL 231856Z AUTO 16007KT 10SM CLR 12/M04 A2982 RMK AO2 • TEMPERATURE / DEW POINT • in Celsius M for Minus • 3 Degree spread for saturation • If temperature missing, group is omitted • If dew point missing, only temp shown 32/

  37. METAR METAR KATL 231856Z AUTO 16007KT 10SM CLR 12/M04 A2982 RMK AO2 • ALTIMETER SETTING • A2982 Inches of Mercury • Q1013 hectoPascals (Millibars)

  38. METAR METAR KMIA 231856Z AUTO 29007KT 10SM CLR 32/21 A2997 RMK AO2 WSHFT 1834 $ • REMARKS

  39. REMARKS • VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS • TORNADIC ACTIVITY • TORNADO, FUNNEL CLOUD, WATERSPOUT • TYPE OF AUTOMATED STATION • AO1, AO2 • PEAK WIND • PK WND 20032/25

  40. REMARKS • WIND SHIFT • WSHFT 15 • TOWER OR SURFACE VISIBILITY • TWR VIS 2 • SFC VIS 2 1/2 • VARIABLE PREVAILING VISIBILITY • VIS 3/4V1 1/2 • SECTOR VISIBILITY • VIS N 2

  41. REMARKS • VISIBILITY AT 2ND SITE • VIS 3/4 RY11 • LIGHTNING • FRQ LTGCC NE, CONS LTGCG SW

  42. REMARKS • DSNT • Distant, 10 to 30 miles from station • OCNL • Occasional • FRQ • Frequent • CONS • Continuous • OHD • Overhead

  43. REMARKS • BEGINNING AND ENDING • TSB20E44, RAE50, SNB1254E41 • THUNDERSTORM LOCATION • TS OHD MOV N, TS DSNT S MOV N • HAILSTONE SIZE • GR 1 3/4 • VIRGA • VIRGA SW

  44. REMARKS • VARIABLE CEILING HEIGHT • CIG 013V017 • OBSCURATIONS • FG FEW000, VA SCT000, FU BKN020 • VARIABLE SKY CONDITION • SCT V BKN, BKN025 V OVC • SIGNIFICANT CLOUDS • CB W MOV E, TCU OHD, ACSL W

  45. REMARKS • CEILING AT 2ND SITE • CIG 020 RY11 • PRESSURE RISING/FALLING RAPIDLY • PRESRR, PRESFR • SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE • SLP145, SLPNO

  46. REMARKS • AIRCRAFT MISHAP • (ACFT MSHP) • NO SPECIAL AVAILABLE • NOSPECI • SNOW INCREASING RAPIDLY • SNICR 3/17

  47. REMARKSExamples TS NE MOV E DARK NW BR SCT000 FU BKN020

  48. REMARKSExamples TORNADO SCT V BKN BKN014 V OVC LAST

  49. Example METAR KATL 221451Z 00000KT 25SM OVC030 05/03 A3018 RMK SLP145

  50. Example METAR KATL 221456Z AUTO 33009KT 5SM -RA BR BKN012 OVC023 08/07 A3009 RMK AO2

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