U.S. Foreign Policies From Kennedy to Carter

1. U.S. Foreign Policies From Kennedy to Carter By Marco Santos, Irving Hernandez & Nestor Aviles

2. John F. Kennedy • President from January 20, 1961 - November 22, 1963. • He was the 35th President • Born in May 29, 1917. In Brookline, Massachusetts. • Came from a wealthy Irish Catholic family • His grandfather John E. Fitzgerald was involved in politics • He had 9 siblings and he was the second oldest

3. JFK Foreign Policy • Castro and Nikita Khrushchev had an alliance • Allowed Eisenhower plan on the invasion of Bay Pig in Cuba in 1961. • The main goal of the invasion was to overthrow Castro and formed a non-communist government friendly to the US • Which was executed by Cuban exiles without any kind of air support which did not succeed

4. Test Ban Treaty • Agreement prohibiting nuclear testing between the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States • It only allow testing underground as long as the amount of radiation is not harmful • Since then 116 countries have signed that contract • http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=95

5. Test Ban Treaty OPVL • Origin: Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, July 26, 1963; Treaties and Other International Agreements Series #5433; General Records of the U.S. Government; Record Group 11; National Archives. • Purpose: To form a peaceful agreement to maintain peace between the countries who had the capacity of using nuclear weapons. • Value: It talks about the situation and the worries of the countries and the way the chose to handle things • Limitations: The agreement was mainly based on the fear that a nuclear war could come up which can cause irrational thinking at the moment of making decisions

6. JFK Inauguration Address OPVL • Origin: "John F. Kennedy: Inaugural Address. U.S. Inaugural Addresses. 1989." LBJ Presidential Library. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2013. • Purpose: The speech giving by President Kennedy and his plans for his new term as president of the US and his intentions on how we would approach deal with foreign affairs. • Value: Kennedy shows how he would try to deal with the situation and how he would change the white house foreign policies. • Limitations: The speech was given by President Kennedy but interpretation from the audience plays a big role and also the fact that sometimes they have other people writing their speeches.

7. Richard M. Nixon • Born on January 9, 1913. • He was a republican congressman and vice president of Dwight D. Eisenhower. • He ran for presidency in 1960 but lost to John F. Kennedy. • Then in 1968 he won but resigned in 1974 instead of being impeached for a Watergate affair.

8. Nixon’s Foreign Policies • However during his presidency he began to ease the relationship the United States had with Russia, he also opened diplomatic relationships with China. • The cold war had grown out of control by the 1960’s and assured the destruction of both countries. President Nixon and his National Security Advisor did not want to win the cold war but manage it.

9. Nixon and China • The United States decided to improve their relationships with China, since the Chinese began working with the United States, Russia had no choice but to cooperate as well or be isolated from China. • The relationships with Russia improved and they signed the SALT 1 treaty, Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty, which set limits on production and deployment of ballistic and antiballistic missiles. Nixon also negotiated and signed agreements on science, space, and trade. • Even though the relationships in between Russia and China eased, the relationships in Vietnam were not changed. Nixon could not change relationships with North Vietnam and the war continued against the North

10. Lyndon B. Johnson • Became president of the United States after the assassination of John F Kennedy on November 22 1963. • The main initiative behind President Johnson was the Vietnam War. During his presidency there was over 500,000 American soldiers in Vietnam. • He was committed to maintaining an independent South Vietnam. He wanted to win in Vietnam because he was afraid if he lost Vietnam that the rest of Southeast Asia would fall to communism.

11. Johnson’s Foreign Policies • In 1964 Johnson wanted a congressional resolution to allow him to expand the war effort, as he deemed necessary. • President Johnson continued believing that he should not send American Boys to fight in a war that Asian boys could do, but in the end over half a million American soldiers were in Vietnam fighting.