U.S. Foreign Policy

U.S. Foreign Policy

What is “foreign policy” • Goals that nations pursue in relation to other international actors • Goals • Survival • Territorial Integrity • Economic Security • Promoting Democracy and Human Rights • Actors • States (nations) • IGO (Intergovernmental Organizations: UN NATO) • NGO (Nongovernmental Organizations: MNCs, al-Qaeda)

President’s Foreign Policy Helpers • Who are part of the foreign policy bureaucracy? • National Security Council • Intelligence Agencies • CIA • FBI • Military agencies

President’s Foreign Policy Helpers • State Department • Sec. of State: Hillary Clinton • Goals • Promote peace • Promote democracy • Promote trade and development

President’s Foreign Policy Helpers • Defense Department • Sec. of Defense: Robert Gates • Goals • Protect the country from attack • Provide trained or ready military forces

Military Commands

History of Foreign Policy • Internationalism (Cold War to 1980) • WWII: US and USSR emerge as dominant powers (bipolar) • Soviets expand in Europe, Asia, Africa • U.S. Policy of “Containment” • Truman Doctrine: U.S support free people • Nuclear Missiles and 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis • Detente (1960s and 1970s): Easing of Tensions • Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (to reduce nuclear weapons) • Pres. Carter (1977-1981): human rights; but foreign policy failures • Weakening U.S. nuclear missile capability

History of Foreign Policy • Internationalism (1980-1991) • Ronald Reagan • Built up nuclear arsenal • Supported military groups overthrowing communist governments • Fall of Communism • USSR: weakened, cannot protect communist governments • East European people revolt against communist governments • USSR collapses in 1991: • Mono-polar world: U.S. only major power

History of Foreign Policy • Internationalism (1991-Date): Mono-polar world • Pres. Bush and Clinton • U.S. promotes democracy in E. Europe and Russia • Gulf War 1991 • Pres. G.W. Bush • 9/11 and War on Terrorism • Bush Doctrine • Root out terrorism • US and NATO countries enter Afghanistan and Iraq • Promoting democracy • Promoting capitalism • North Korea explodes nuclear bomb and Iran developing nuclear bomb

History of Foreign Policy • Pres. Obama • National Security Focus • Defeat terrorism (Afghanistan War) • Down plays spreading democracy • Multilateralism: engage other nations in solving world problems • Korea: Group of Six • Use UN to build coalitions to solve problems • Korean Sanctions • Use force as a last resort • Doesn’t want to use the military as a form of leverage • Date of withdrawal from Afghanistan

North Korean Nuclear Problem? __________________ Power in World Politics

Nuclear Powers

North Korean History • North Korea • Communist Dictatorship: Kim Jon il • Son: Kim Jon-un • Economy • Command: low industrial/agricultural output • GDP: $22 Billion (2002) • Population: 23 Million • Military • 4th Largest Army • 31% of budget goes to military

Brief History • 1993 • Clinton deal • N. Korea can develop peaceful nuclear power and gets oil • N. Korea agrees not to develop nuclear weapons • 2003 • N. Korea abrogates Nuclear Proliferation Treaty; demands non-aggression pact with U.S. • 2006 • Detonates first nuclear bomb • 2007 • Agrees to end nuclear energy program

Brief History • 2008 • Restarts nuclear program • 2009 • Test second nuclear bomb • 2010 • N. Korea torpedoes S. Korean war ship: 46 killed • U.S imposes sanctions on luxury goods to N. Korea • November • U.S. scientist visits new enriched uranium plant • N. Korea attacks disputed Yeonpyeong Island

U.S. Policy Options • Handout aid and security assurances if N. Korea agrees to dismantle nuc program • Military strike on nuclear facilities • Economic sanctions • Allow N. Korea to develop nuclear weapons

U.S. Foreign Policy