U.S. Foreign Policy

1. U.S. Foreign Policy

2. A stronger country takes over a weaker country or region U.S. took control of Philippine Islands after Spanish-American War (1898) Also gained control of Puerto Rico and Guam Imperialism

3. To avoid taking sides in a war Not getting involved in a conflict George Washington’s Farewell Address Beginning of World War I Beginning of World War II Neutrality

4. Refusing to become involved in foreign affairs U.S. refused to join League of Nations after WWI Isolationism

5. Joining together with other countries U.S. joined the United Nations and NATO after WWII Reliance on International Organizations

6. Preventing our enemy [Communists] from gaining new territory Based on “domino theory’ U.S. became involved in Korean War and Vietnam War U.S. supported Contras in Nicaragua Containment

7. Relying on international organizations for national security Attack on one is an attack on all Joining NATO to protect against communist aggression Led USSR to create the Warsaw Pact Collective Security

8. Relaxation or easing of tensions U.S. and Soviet relations improved in the 1970s [with Nixon] until the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in Dec. 1979 Signing of SALT I Treaty Detente

9. U.S. did not want Europe to claim more land in Latin America U.S. told Europe to stay away from newly independent countries in Latin America In return U.S. would stay out of European affairs Monroe Doctrine-1823

10. Americans wanted more land Belief that the U.S. should expand its territory [from sea to shining sea] Used to justify gaining Oregon, Texas and Mexican Cession 1890s-used to justify overseas expansion Manifest Destiny-1840s

11. U.S. wanted access to trade with China Sec. John Hay idea that all nations should have equal commercial and industrial trade rights in China Open Door Policy-1899

12. U.S. wanted to keep Europe out of Latin America Teddy Roosevelt’s policy that the U.S. will act as a “police force” in Latin America Used this policy to justify U.S. intervention in LA to collect debts Roosevelt Corollary“Big Stick Policy” 1901-1909

13. Latin America was unhappy with U.S. interventions in their region Franklin D. Roosevelt attempted to improve relations with Latin America by pledging not to interfere in affairs in the region Good Neighbor Policy-1933

14. Cash and Carry Policy • U.S. wanted to remain neutral while helping France and Britain fight Germany during WII • United States agreed to sell armaments to Britain and other nations opposed to the Axis Powers, but only on the condition that the arms were paid for in advance and transported from the United States in foreign ships.

15. Lend-Lease Act 1941 • Roosevelt wished to provide Britain with all possible aid short of war. • it allowed Roosevelt to authorize the transfer of military materials to Britain with the understanding that they would ultimately be paid for or returned if they were not destroyed.

16. The Soviet Union and the spread of communism were seen as threats President Truman said the U.S. would provide support to any nation fighting communism Greece and Turkey successfully fought off communism Truman Doctrine-1947

17. Europe had been destroyed by WWII Plan of Sec. Marshall for the U.S. to provide economic aid to Europe to rebuild their economies after WWII Aid also offered to USSR and Satellite nations, but they refused Marshall Plan-1948

18. Brinkmanship • Increasing tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the Cold War • the practice of pushing dangerous events to the verge of—or to the brink of—disaster in order to achieve the most advantageous outcome. • Example- Cuban Missile Crisis