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Generations of Mobile Communication

Generations of Mobile Communication. 1G. When one door closes, another opens. 1G (First Generation) is the name given to the first generation of mobile telephone networks . C ircuit-switched technology. FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access). Analog system. Basic mobility.

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Generations of Mobile Communication

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  1. Generations of Mobile Communication

  2. 1G When one door closes, another opens.

  3. 1G (First Generation) is the name given to the first generation of mobile telephone networks. • Circuit-switched technology. • FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access). • Analog system. • Basic mobility. • Poor voice quality. • Poor security.

  4. 2G You can have it all. Just not all at once.

  5. • Digital –consists of 1s and 0s •Digital signal: • Low level, • High level, • Rising edge, • Falling edge 2 1 1 3 0 0 0 1 4

  6. 2G • Digital data can be compressed and multiplexed much more effectively than analog voice encodings. •Multiplexing -multiple analog message signals or digital data streams are combined into one signal.

  7. Allows for lower powered radio signals that require less battery power. • Digital voice data can be compressed and multiplexed much more effectively than analog. • CODEC introduction -program that encodes and decodes digital data stream or signal. •Translates data from digital to analog and vice . Speaker CODEC 0101110 Voice

  8. 2G •Advantages: • The digital voice encoding allows digital error checking •increase sound quality •lowers the noise level Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital data transfer. •SMS –“short message service” •E-mail

  9. 2G Disadvantages • Cell towers had a limited coverage area. • Built mainly for voice services and slow data.

  10. 2.5G 2G Enhanced The best way to predict the future is to invent it.

  11. Lies somewhere between 2G and 3G. • The development of 2.5G has been viewed as a stepping-stone towards 3G. • Was prompted by the demand for better data services and access to the internet. • Provides faster services than 2G, but not as faster as advanced as the newer 3G systems.

  12. Extends the capabilities of 2G systems by providing additional features, such as a packet-switched connection(GPRS) in the TDMA-based GSM system, and enhanced data rates (HSCSD and EDGE). GPRS: General Packet Radio Services. EDGE: Enhanced Data for Global Evolution. HSCSD: High Speed circuit-switched data.

  13. 3G Dreams are necessary to life.

  14. 3G • Large capacity and broadband capabilities. •Allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile systems and up to 2Mbps. •Increased spectrum efficiency –5Mhz– -A greater number of users that can be simultaneously supported by a radio frequency bandwidth. • High data rates at lower incremental cost than 2G. • Global roaming

  15. 3G • CDMA –Code Division Multiple Access. • Does not divide up the channel by time or frequency. • Encodes data with a special code associated with each channel.

  16. Data Rates Comparison (Kbps)

  17. Evolution To 4G Ever wonder where your life is going.

  18. Evolution to 4G CDMA GSM/UMTS IEEE LAN IEEE Cellular 2G GSM TDMA IS-136 CDMA IS-95A IEEE 802.16 IEEE 802.11 2.5G IEEE 802.11a CDMA IS-95B GPRS 3G WCDMA FDD/TDD TD SCDMA LCR-TDD E-GPRS EDGE CDMA 2000 IEEE 802.11g Fixed WiMAX 802.16d Wi BRO 3.5G 1x Ev-DO Rev O/A/B HSDPA FDD/TDD HSUPA FDD/TDD IEEE 802.11g HSPA+ LTE E-UTRA Mobile WiMAX 802.16e 3.9G IEEE 802.11n UMB 802.20

  19. Technology moving towards 4G Mobility 4G 1995 2000 2005 2010+ High speed 3G LTE 3G (IMT2000) Mobile WiMAX (WiBRO) Medium speed CDMA/GSM/TDMA 2G (Digital) CDMA/GSM/TDMA High Speed WLAN 1G (Analog) WPAN 5 GHz WLAN Lowspeed 2.4 GHz WLAN Bluetooth Data Rates 384 kbps <50 Mbps <100 Mbps ~14.4 kbps 144 kbps

  20. Mobility High speed Medium speed 4th Generation (2007-2010) 3th Generation (IMT-2000) (2001) 2G 2.5G 2G Walking/ Local area Standing/ Indoor Data Rates 10 100 0.1 1

  21. 4GCommunication System A dream is a wish your heart makes.

  22. Seamless Roaming • "Seamless" and "wireless," when put together, represent a technology of wireless Internet that hands you off to another network without interruption so you may continue your activities online without even noticing that you connected into another network. Another name for it is "seamless roaming."

  23. Seamless Connection of Networks in 4G Cellular 2.5G (GSM etc. Cellular 3G (UMTS etc. Digital Audio/Video Broadcast Connection Layer Core IP Network Cellular 4G Short Range PAN/LAN/ MAN/WAN WLAN/ HIPER-LAN

  24. Features of 4G: •Faster and more reliable. 100 Mb/s (802.11g wireless = 54Mb/s, 3G = 2Mb/s) •Lower cost than previous generations •Multi-standard wireless system. –Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless (802.11x) •Ad Hoc Networking. •IPv6 Core. •OFDM used instead of CDMA. •Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n –Most information is proprietary.

  25. vs.

  26. 4G Technology Flexibility comes with responsibility.

  27. • Smart Antenna • Beam radio signals directly at a users to follow the users as they move. •Allow the same radio frequency to be used for other users without worry of interference. •Seamlesshandoff between towers/access points. •One transmit antenna, two receive antennas. –Allows connection to two access points at once.

  28. Smart Antenna Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) Past Now Past Now Same time and frequency Beam Tracking Smart Antenna Technology

  29. Orthogonal Frequency Division Modulation (OFDM) Basic idea: Using a large number of parallel narrow-band subcarriers instead of a single wide-band carrier to transport information. • Advantages: -Very easy and efficient in dealing with multi-path. -Robust again narrow-band interference

  30. G4 • Earth's population stands at around 6.6 billion. • The Internet has a population of just 1.3 billion. • IPv6 uses 128 bits for IPv6 addresses which allows for 340 billion billionbillionbillion(3.4x1038) unique addresses. 22%

  31. IPv6 vs. IPv4

  32. Data Rate Comparison (Kbps)

  33. Conclusion: • 4G system provides an end to end IP solution where voice and data streamed multimedia can be served to users on an ” Anytime, Anywhere ” basis at higher data rates than previous generation. • Wider bandwidth. • End-to-end QoS. • Higher security. • Offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere. • Affordable cost and one billing.

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