The Renaissance 1485 - 1660

1. The Renaissance1485 - 1660

2. Tudor Line • Henry VII – Welsh nobleman who seized the throne after the War of the Roses • Lancaster = red • York = white • Henry combined to make the “Tudor Rose” • Henry VIII • Edward VI – 16 when king, died young • Mary I – “Bloody Mary,” killed over 300 Protestants • Elizabeth I – amazing, the “Virgin Queen"

3. Reformation • the rejection of the pope and the Italian churchmen • a time of internal reform in the church and criticism from those who chose to break away • Pope Paul III investigated the selling of indulgences (religious pardons) and other abuse.

4. English Renaissance • Late 1400s • few people could read or write • French word meaning “rebirth” • changes in values, beliefs, and behaviors • Most people were Roman Catholic.

5. English Renaissance • renewed interest in classical learning (the writings of ancient Greece and Rome) • People learned Greek and reformed the Latin that they read, wrote, and spoke. • People became more curious about themselves. It brought a renewal of human spirit, curiosity, and creativity.

6. People of the Renaissance • Leonardo da Vinci - widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time & revered for his technological ingenuity • 1. Mona Lisa • 2. The Last Supper • Galileo - a Tuscan physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution

7. People of the Renaissance • Columbus - was a navigator, colonizer and explorer whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean (funded by Queen Isabella of Spain) led to general European awareness of the American continents • Michelangelo – Pope Julius II commissioned him to paint the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City

8. People of the Renaissance • Johannes Gutenberg – a German who invented printing with moveable type printing press • This allowed the first printing of a complete book around 1445

9. Humanists (ism) • gave new answers to the questions: “What is a human being?” “What is a good life?” • The aim of life is to attain virtue, not success, money, or fame, because virtue is the best possible possession and the only source of true happiness. • Two of the most famous Renaissance humanists: • 1. Thomas More – wrote Utopia (a book of famous insights on human society) • 2. Desiderius Erasmus

10. Martin Luther • 1483 – 1546 • Monk who founded a new Christianity based on his personal understanding of the Bible, not what the pope said • German Protestant

11. King –vs- Pope • King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife • Pope would not grant it • King Henry declared himself head of the Church of England • Henry appointed a new archbishop of Canterbury who annulled the marriage • Thomas More (and many others) did not recognize Henry as the head of the church • Henry had his friend executed by beheading!

12. Queen Elizabeth • Her cousin Mary was in line for the throne • Plotted for 20 years to have the Queen killed • The queen finally had her beheaded

13. Other Rulers • Queen Elizabeth died childless • Her 2nd cousin, James VI of Scotland was her successor (1603 – 1625) • He was the son of beheaded Mary • Followed by his son, Charles I • Powerful subject had him beheaded in 1649 • England was ruled by Parliament & Puritan dictator Oliver Cromwell • Charles II returned from exile in France, 1660, to rule

14. Renaissance – the end • John Milton was the last great writer of the Renaissance • Famous for Paradise Lost • Scientific truths were soon to challenge long-accepted religious beliefs. • Thus ends the Renaissance…

15. Vocabulary • conceit – fanciful comparison of 2 different things • meter – pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables (rhythmic beat) • foot – meter’s basic unit (one stressed and one or more unstressed syllables) • iamb – a foot • Iambic Pentameter – a line of poetry made up of 5 iambs (Shakespeare uses) • caesura – a pause

16. Stanzas • octave – eight lines (abbaabba) • sestet – 6 lines (cdecde) • quatrain – 4 lines • couplet – 2 lines