The Global Renaissance 1400 - 1660

1. The Global Renaissance1400 - 1660 • Michelangelo sculpts the David • DaVinci paints the Mona Lisa • Balboa reaches the Pacific Ocean • Church of England established • Protestant Reformation • Copernicus develops theory of solar system • Drake begins circumnavigation of globe

2. The Global Renaissance • Cortes conquers Mexico • Ivan crowned czar of Russia • Virginia colonized • Jamestown founded • Cervantes writes Don Quixote • Galileo builds telescope • Rembrandt paints The Night Watch

3. Origins of the English Renaissance • Italy developed an interest in the manuscripts from ancient Greece and Rome • REBIRTH of scholarship based on classical learning and philosophy • REBIRTH of the human spirit, human potential for development

4. Conditions Ripe for the Change • Rapid population increase • Feudalism was declining • Migration from farms to cities • 1476 – William Caxton set up first printing press in England, opening up opportunities for literacy

5. The Church in Decline • Martin Luther posts his Ninety-Five Theses on a church door in Wittenberg, Germany – heralds the Reformation • Henry VIII divorces Catherine of Aragon. Excommunicated, he establishes the Church of England

6. Rulers of the English Renaissance1500 - 1660 • House of Tudor House of Stuart 1500-1558 1558 - 1603 • Henry VII James I • Henry VIII Charles I • Edward VI 1603 - 1649 • Mary I The Long Parliament • Elizabeth I

7. Henry VIII • Wanted male heir • Catherine of Aragon bears Mary • Anne Boleyn gives him Elizabeth, then was executed for adultery • Jane Seymour produces sickly Edward • Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr, all childless • Edward, Mary, Elizabeth rule in turn • Did Elizabeth order Mary’s death???

8. Elizabeth I • 25 when she assumed the throne in 1558 • Ruled for 45 years • Never married • Middle of the road Protestantism replaces Mary’s fervid Catholicism • Established strong central government • Interested in education, established free grammar schools; middle class grows in power

9. Elizabeth I • Supports strengthening of the English Navy; Drake commissioned to intercept trading ships (legalized piracy) – English coffers swell • Philip II of Spain sent the Armada; Elizabeth sends the Navy to retaliate. Spain is defeated soundly and England remains Protestant

10. Elizabeth I • “I know I have the body of a weak feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king – and a king of England, too, and think foul scorn that…Spain or any Prince of Europe should dare to invade the borders of my realm.”

11. Elizabeth I • Loved poetry, music, dancing and men • Sir Walter Raleigh and Sir Philip Sidney were the Renaissance ideals of soldier, scholar and poet • Enjoyed public hangings, witch burnings, bearbaiting, and bawdy jokes as well as the theater, theology and philosophy

12. Literature of the English Renaissance • Book of Common Prayer • King James Bible • Sonnet form developed • Shakespeare: R & J; Hamlet; Macbeth • Donne: Songs and Sonnets • Milton: Poems

13. Decline of the Renaissance • Elizabeth names James I her successor - 1558 • Scottish, he had little knowledge of England and was not the type of leader his new subjects were used to • Firm Anglicans, James and Charles’ active persecution of the Puritans leads to political and religious unrest

14. End of the Renaissnce • Firm Anglicans, James and Charles’ active persecution of the Puritans leads to political and religious unrest • 1642, civil war erupted, led by Oliver Cromwell. Charles is found guilty of treason and beheaded • England is under the rule of Parliament • 1660 – monarchy is restored with Charles II taking the throne