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Fungi

Fungi. General Characteristics of Fungi. Range in size from unicellular to being the largest known living organism http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/strange-but-true-largest-organism-is-fungus/ Are a wide variety of shapes and colors All are heterotrophs

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Fungi

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  1. Fungi

  2. General Characteristics of Fungi • Range in size from unicellular to being the largest known living organism • http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/strange-but-true-largest-organism-is-fungus/ • Are a wide variety of shapes and colors • All are heterotrophs • Have cell walls made of chitin

  3. 3 Main Characteristics 1. Feeding: Fungi release chemicals that digest the substance on which they are growing and then they absorb the digested food

  4. 3 Main Characteristics 1. Feeding: • Some obtain food through a symbiotic relationship – either parasitic or mutualistic • Many are decomposers (break down dead organisms)

  5. 3 Main Characteristics 2. Structure: • A few, such as yeast, are unicellular Photo by: Bob Blaylockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20100911_232323_Yeast_Live.jpg Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Baker's Yeast

  6. 3 Main Characteristics 2. Structure: • Most are multicellular, made up of thread-like tubes called hyphae • Hyphae can grow quickly (up to 40 meters per hour) Photo by: Bob Blaylockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20100815_1818_Mold.jpg

  7. 3 Main Characteristics 2. Structure: • Although multicellular, there is little cell specialization and hyphae may be large multinuclear cells that are continuous or only incompletely divided Trametesversicolor Photo by ZEISS Microscopy http://www.flickr.com/photos/zeissmicro/7138582265/ Non-septate Hyphae Racette

  8. 3 Main Characteristics 3. Reproduction: • Many fungi reproduce by means of spores • Fungal spores are tiny, reproductive cells that are enclosed in a protective cell wall • Spores are very small and light weight

  9. 3 Main Characteristics 3. Reproduction: • Spores are produced in special structures called fruiting bodies • Fruiting bodies may be simple or complex • A single fruiting body may produce trillions of spores

  10. Reproduction: Fruiting Bodies 3 Main Characteristics Earthstar Photo by Josef F. Stueferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Geastrum_triplex.jpg Stinkhorn Photo by: Birger Fricke http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phallus_impudicus_Stinkmorchel.jpg Scarlet Elf Cup Photo by Ian http://www.flickr.com/photos/ian-s/6793005874/ Amanita muscaria (Fly Agaric) Photo by Hans Hillewaerthttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amanita_muscaria_(fruiting_body).jpg Truffle PublicDomain:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Truffe_noire_du_P%C3%A9rigord.jpg

  11. Reproduction: Fruiting Bodies 3 Main Characteristics Coral Fungus Photo by: Dan Molter http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Clavaria_zollingeri_90973.jpg Bread Mold Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moldy_old_bread.JPG Polypores Photo by: Cayce from Malaysia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fungi_in_Borneo.jpg Black Morel Photo by Beentreehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Morchella_conica_1_beentree.jpg

  12. Forms of Fungi • The scientific classification of fungi is complex with over 60,000 known species divided into four taxonomic Divisions • For discussion purposes fungi may be loosely grouped into 3 groups (mushrooms, yeasts and molds) but many species do not fit into these groups.

  13. Forms of Fungi 1. Mushrooms: • Fruiting bodies: above ground, shaped like umbrellas • Vegetative portion: below ground, hyphae

  14. 1. Mushrooms: Forms of Fungi Lactarius indigo Photo by: Dan Molter http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lactarius_indigo_48568_edit.jpg Public domain: http://pixabay.com/en/mushrooms-bavarian-forest-plant-222254/ Public Domain: http://pixabay.com/en/k%C5%99emen%C3%A1%C4%8D-les-sponge-mushrooms-112156/

  15. Forms of Fungi Yeasts • Unicellular • Produce carbon dioxide as they grow (a by-product of respiration) • Used to produce bread, fuel, vitamins, alcoholic beverages, chemicals and medicines • Some can cause disease

  16. Forms of Fungi Yeasts • Reproduce by budding-when a portion of the yeast cell pushes out of the cell wall and forms a bud that eventually breaks away to form a new yeast cell Budding Yeast Cells Public Domain: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:S_cerevisiae_under_DIC_microscopy.jpg

  17. Molds Fuzzy, shapeless, fairly flat fungi that grow on the surface of an object Used to make many foods such as some cheeses and soy sauce Forms of Fungi Mold on a Tomato Photo by: Calimo http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mold_on_tomatoes_(macro).jpg Blue Cheese Public Domain: http://pixabay.com/en/stilton-blue-cheese-blue-mold-mold-3491/ Mold on a Clementine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mouldy_Clementine.jpg

  18. Molds Penicillium is a mold that produces penicillin (Discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming) http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/nov2003.html Forms of Fungi Photo by: Dr. Sahay http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penicillium_Spp..jpg Sir Alexander Fleming http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Synthetic_Production_of_Penicillin_TR1468.jpg Penicilliumchrysogenum: source of penicillin Photo by: Crulina 98 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penicillium_notatum.jpg

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