Plant Processes

1. Plant Processes 16.00: Analyze the process of growth in horticultural plants

2. Processes of plant growth • Photosynthesis • Respiration • Absorption • Transpiration • Translocation • Reproduction

3. Photosynthesis • The food and manufacturing process in green plants that combines carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light to make sugar and oxygen. • Formula: 6CO2+6H2O+672Kcal C6H12O6+6O2 Carbon Dioxide Light Energy Glucose Sugar Water Oxygen

4. Respiration • The process through which plant leaves, stems and roots consume oxygen and give off carbon dioxide. • Plants produce much more oxygen through photosynthesis than they use through respiration.

5. Absorption • The process by which plant roots take in water and air

6. Transpiration • The process by which plants lose water from leaves and stems through evaporation

7. Translocation • The process by which food and nutrients are moved within a plant from one plant part to another

8. Reproduction • The plant process that increases plant numbers • usually by seeds

9. Stages of Plant Growth • Juvenile-when a plant first starts to grow from a seed • Reproductive-when a plant produces flowers, seeds and fruits • Dormant-when a plant rests or grows very little, if any

10. Plant Cells • Basic unit of growth • A nucleus and a mass of protoplasm contained within a plasma membrane

11. Parts of a Plant Cell • Nucleus • location of plant’s genetic and hereditary make-up

12. Parts of a Plant Cell • Protoplasm • the living matter of the cell • Plasma Membrane • surrounds protoplasm and allows for exchange of nutrients and gases into and out of cell

13. Parts of a Plant Cell • Cell Wall • rigid and provides support for the cell and thus the whole plant

14. Parts of a Plant Cell • Other Structures • Chloroplasts • Vacuole • Plastids • Mitochondrion

15. Plant Cells

16. Plant tissue • A group of cells with similar origin and function • Classified according to their origin, structure and physiology • Structure of permanent tissue • simple-usually one type of cell • complex-several types of cells

17. Tissue origin and function • Meristematic-near tip of stems and roots where cell division and enlargement occur • Vascular cambium-increase growth in diameter of stems

18. Simple Tissues • Epidermal-one-cell thick, outer layer, protects and prevents water loss • Sclerenchyma-have thickened cell walls and contain fibers to give strength and support to plant structures

19. Other tissues • Collenchyma-have thick cell walls that strengthen and support plant structures • Parenchyma-fleshy part of plant that stores water and nutrients

20. Phases of the asexual cycle • Vegetative-growth and development of buds, roots, leaves and stems • cell elongation-stage when cells enlarge • differentiation-stage when cells specialize • Reproductive or flowering-plant develops flower buds that will develop into flowers, fruits and seeds

21. Effects of Light, Moisture, Temperature and Nutrients on Plants

22. Light • Photoperiodism-response of plants to different amounts of light regarding their flowering and reproduction cycles • Necessary because of photosynthesis • Not enough light causes long, slender, spindly stems • Too much light will cause plants to dry out faster

23. Moisture • Needed in large amounts because plant tissues are mostly water and water carries nutrients • Not enough water causes wilting and stunted growth • Too much water causes small root systems and drowning which is a result of air spaces in soil being filled with water

24. Temperature • Needs vary depending on type of plants • Either too high or too low will have adverse effects VS

25. Nutrients • Essential for optimal plant conditions • Has little effect on seed germination

26. Combining growth factors • Ideal quantities and quality will give optimum plant growth • Each has an effect on the other factors • Unfavorable environmental conditions for plant growth causes diseases to be more severe in their damages to plants