Plant Structures and Processes

1. Plant Structures and Processes By MR. E 5th grade Science

2. THE BIG IDEA Plants have structures to take in water and make their own food, and they have several different ways to reproduce. 5th grade Science

3. What do you already know? • Did you know that there are more than 300,000 species of plants?

4. What we are going to learn. Structure: nonvascular and vascular Nonvascular plants (example, algae) Vascular plants have tube like structures that allow water and dissolve nutrients to move through the plant Part and functions of vascular plants: roots, stems and buds, leaves

5. What we are going to learn. Photosynthesis Is an important life process that occurs in plant cells but not animals cells (photo = light; synthesis = putting together). Unlike animals, plants make their own food through the process of photosynthesis. Role in photosynthesis of energy from sunlight, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide and water, xylem and phloem, stomata, oxygen, sugar (glucose)

6. What we are going to learn. Reproduction Asexual reproduction • Example of algae • Vegetative reproduction: runners (example, strawberries) and bulbs (example, onions); growing plants from eyes, buds, leaves, roots, and stems

7. What we are going to learn. Reproduction Sexual reproduction by spore-bearing plants (example, mosses and ferns) Sexual reproduction of non-flowering seed plants: conifers (example, pines), male and female cones, wind pollination

8. What we are going to learn. Reproduction Sexual reproduction of flowering plants: (example, peas). • Functions of sepals and petals, stamen (male), anther, pistil (female) ovary (or ovule) • Process of seed and fruit production: pollen, wind, insect and bird pollination, fertilization, growth of ovary, mature fruit • Seed germination and plant growth: seed coat, embryo and endosperm, germination (sprouting of new plant), monocots (example, corn) and dicots ( example, beans)

9. Part 1: Structure: nonvascular and vascular Many scientists believe that all plants derived from a common ancestor, which is thought to be originally a group of green algae.

10. Green Algae in a pond

11. Nonvascular Plants • A plant that is relatively simple in form and lacks specialized tissues for support and fluid transport. • Examples: Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts • Most species of nonvascular plants have structures called rhizoids, which are elongated cells that attach to the soil and absorb water and nutrients.

12. Moss

13. Liverworts

14. Hornwort

15. The importance of nonvascular plants • They are usually the first plants to live in a new environment, such as newly exposed rock. • When these plants die, they form a thin layer of soil. New plants can then grow in this soil. • Example: Peat moss • Peat moss is used in potting soil

16. Vascular Plants • A plant that has specialized tissues to carry water and nutrients to all parts of the plant. • Typically larger than nonvascular plants • Examples: Trees, flowers, grass

17. Trees

18. Flowers

19. Grass?????

20. Another Grass and Trees

21. Vascular Plants • Specialized structure includes; • Roots (which absorbs water and nutrients and anchor the plant in the surrounding soil. • Stems (which transport water and sugar to the other plant parts and support the plant. • Leaves (where photosynthesis occurs

23. Vascular Plants • Vascular tissues are groups of cells working together as a system. • They conduct and distribute water and nutrients to all parts of the plant. • Two examples are Xylem and Phloem

24. Xylem • Xylem- transports water and nutrients from roots to the leaves. Xylem is narrow cells that are open at each end and connect to each other like tube-like structures. • Transports the water • Example: straws or rings.

26. Phloem • Phloem-a set of tube-like structures that transport sugars, which are made primarily in the leaves, to other parts of the plant or store it for later use. Transports the food

29. Experiment #1

30. Quick Review - Seedless Vascular Plants • have vascular tissues • xylem • for water and minerals • flow is from roots to the rest of the plant (“up only”) • phloem • for carbohydrates and other nutrients • flow is in whatever direction is needed (“up or down”)

31. Part 2: Photosynthesis A plant life process that traps sunlight and uses carbon dioxide and water to form carbohydrates.

32. Photosynthesis All living cells are capable of taking energy from their surroundings and using this energy to sustain themselves and to reproduce. The cells of green plants use the energy of the sun’s light to synthesize, or manufacture, their own food.

33. Photosynthesis Photosynthetic cells contain the green pigment chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is found within the chloroplasts of a plant cell.

34. Photosynthesis Plants use photosynthesis to make food products such as sugars, starches, and other carbohydrates. Through the process of photosynthesis, plants also produce and give off oxygen.

36. Steps to photosynthesis • Step 1- plants trap the sun’s light energy and use that energy to break down water (H2O) into its components – hydrogen and oxygen. • While the plants use some of the oxygen, much of it is released into the environment.

37. Steps to photosynthesis • Step 2- the carbon dioxide taken in by the plants, through the stomata in the leaves, is recombined with the remaining oxygen and the hydrogen to form glucose, a simple sugar.

38. Lets review

39. How Are Plants and Animals Different? • Animals cannot make their own food. • Plants can make their own food.

40. It’s question time! What is the process by which plants make food? * Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make food. A green plant makes food using light energy. Green plants get light energy from the sun.

41. What part of the plant produces food? Here comes a hint! In most plants the leaves are the special parts where the most food is made. Leaves containa chemical calledchlorophyll.Chlorophyllis the green matter in plants that traps light energy to produce food.

42. Plants use water and carbon dioxide to make food. Water is taken from the soil by the roots and travels up the stems to the leaves. Carbon dioxide is taken from the air. Air enters the plant through small openings (stomata) in leaves.

43. STOMATA Tiny openings on the underside of the leaf. Stomata is similar to a human nose. Stomata breathes in carbon dioxide and breathes out oxygen. The human nose breathes in oxygen and breathes out carbon dioxide.

44. Plants store extra food in the forms of sugar and starch. Sugar – sweet grapes Starch – corn

45. Pop quiz! Why is energy needed by plants and animals? Energy is needed for growth, repair of tissues, movement, warmth, and all other body functions.

46. ALL LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY! All living things need energy. Energy comes from food made by plants. Oxygen combines with food and energy is released.

47. Once again…………… PHOTOSYNTHESISis the process by which green plants get light energy from the sun. This energy is collected in the plant leaves as chlorophyll. Chlorophyll helps the plant produce food along with water and carbon dioxide.

48. 1 more time on How plants make their own food ?

49. Making food • Green plants are the only living things which can make their own food. • This process is called photosynthesis.

50. Making food • Leaves are green in colour because they contain chlorophyll. • Chlorophyll is needed in photosynthesis.