The Middle Colonies

1. The Middle Colonies Chapter 3 Section 3

2. Middle Colonies • The Middle colonies included: • New York (NY) , New Jersey (NJ) , Delaware (DE), • and Pennsylvania (PA). NY PA NJ DE Picture Credit: http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/13mapnew.htm

3. Let’s Talk About…The Geography of the Middle Colonies

4. The Hudson River • Flows through eastern New York before reaching the sea at New York City.

5. Long Island • The easternmost part of new York • Extends into the Atlantic Ocean for more than 100 miles • Map of Long Island

6. Pennsylvania • The regions second-largest state. • Southeastern section is a lowland. • Philadelphia---Pennsylvania’s largest city • Contains the Delaware River

7. New Jersey & Delaware • New Jersey • Lowland along the Atlantic Coast • Delaware • Regions smallest State • Located on the coast directly south of New Jersey

8. Climate • Good farming land (grains) Livestock, rivers and hills. Harbors. • Climate warmer than New England. Picture Credit: www.greenworks.tv/efp/ Lan_Farm_Trust.htm

9. New York and New Jersey • New York began as the Dutch colony of New Netherland. • By 1660, it was an economic success. • The colony was the base for a profitable fur trade between the Dutch and Native Americans. • One of New Netherland’s major problems was its small Dutch population.

10. New Netherland Becomes New York • In 1664, King Charles II granted the right to all the Dutch lands in North America to his brother James. • All James had to do was conquer the territory. • Warships were sent, and the Dutch surrendered immediately. • The colony was renamed New York • New Amsterdam, it’s capital, became New York City.

11. New Jersey • Established in 1665, when part of southern New York was split off to form a new colony • In the beginning was a proprietary colony (created by a grant given to an individual or family) • 1702-became a royal colony (controlled directly by the English king)

12. The Quakers • One of a number of religious groups in England in the 1640-50’s • Believed all people had a direct link to God • Did not need ministers • All people equal in God’s eyes • First people in England to speak out against slavery • Women equal to men • Women able to be leaders in meetings

13. William Penn • Quaker leader • Personally knew King Charles II • Wanted to find safe place for Quakers to live • 1681, received an area almost as large as England, mainly in what is not Pennsylvania

14. Penn’s “Holy Experiment” • Arrived in his colony in 1682 • Named capital, Philadelphia (means “city of brotherly love) • Considered his colony to be a “holy experiment” • Goal: to create a colony in which people from different religious backgrounds could live peacfully

15. Penn continued • 1682, Penn wrote his Frame of Government for Pennsylvania. • Granted the colony an elected assembly • Provided for freedom of religion • Did not allow colonists to settle on land until is was sold to them

16. Delaware: A Separate Colony • 1st settlers-people from Sweden • 1650’s, Dutch took control, lost it to the English when they lost New York • Penn’s charter for Pennsylvania included Delaware • 1704, Delaware becomes a separate colony

17. Growth and Change • By the early 1700’s, more than 20,000 colonists lived in Pennsylvania. • Top cash crop-wheat • Manufacturing • Iron, flour, paper • Workers • Shoemakers, carpenters, masons, weavers, traders, coopers (made barrels)

18. The Backcountry • Backcountry consisted of several colonies from Pennsylvania to Georgia • Colonists • English, Scotch-Irish, German • German Immigrants were called the Pennsylvania Dutch • Mid 1770’s-people traveling south in covered wagons ( The Great Wagon Road)

19. Diverse and Thriving Colonies • 1750-Non-English Immigrants made the Middle Colonies the most diverse part of English North America • Philadelphia and New York had become the largest cities and busiest ports in the colonies. • All colonies had thriving economies