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Balancing Rations

Balancing Rations. Topic 3049 Rations Melinda Klockziem. Roughages . Roughages 18% or more Fiber Hard to Digest Two types Legumes NonLegumes. Roughages. Legumes Plants that have root nodules (lumps) that contain bacteria that fix nitrogen from the air in soil. Clover and Alfalfa

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Balancing Rations

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  1. Balancing Rations Topic 3049 Rations Melinda Klockziem

  2. Roughages • Roughages • 18% or more Fiber • Hard to Digest • Two types • Legumes • NonLegumes

  3. Roughages • Legumes • Plants that have root nodules (lumps) that contain bacteria that fix nitrogen from the air in soil. • Clover and Alfalfa • Nonlegumes • Plants that can not fix nitrogen from the air in soil • Grasses, and corn stalks.

  4. Roughages • Ruminants can use more roughages than nonruminants. • Younger ruminants cannot use as much roughage as older ruminants

  5. Concentrates • Protein Concentrates • More than 20% Protein • Animal Protein • Meat meal, egg, milk product, bone meal • Vegetable Protein • Soybean meal (legume), distiller grains

  6. Concentrates • Carbohydrate Concentrates • Less than 20% Protein • Grains • Corn, sorghum, oats, wheat, dried beet pulp

  7. Ration Characteristics • Ration • Amount of Feed given to an animal to meet its needs in 24 hours. • Balanced Ration • Provides the nutrient needs of the animal in the proper proportions.

  8. Balanced Ration • Must be: • palatable • meet nutritional requirements of animal • nonharmful • economical http://ansci.colostate.edu/dep/ardec/bryce13.jpg

  9. Ration Functions • Maintenance • Maintaining life • ½ of the ration is used for maintenance • Growth • After maintenance needs are met, then the ration is used for growth

  10. Ration Functions • Fattening • Nutrients not used for maintenance or growth • Stored in the tissues of the body • Fat stored in muscle is called marbling • Production • Cows, swine, horses, sheep, and goats • Require special nutrients • Examples: • Produce milk to feed their young • Dairy Animals ( for human use)

  11. Ration Functions • Reproduction • Extremely important for pregnant animals • May become sterile it does not get adequate level of nutrition. • Work • Requires increased energy • Horse and Oxen • Pulling, driving, riding

  12. Pearson Square • Is a useful tool for simplifying the balancing of rations • It shows the proportions or percentages of two feeds to be mixed together to give a percent of the needed nutrient.

  13. Reference • Modern Livestock and Poultry Production • 6th Edition • James R. Gillespie • Delmar Publishing

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