1 / 23

Implementing Residential Organics Diversion

Implementing Residential Organics Diversion. It’s been 10 years since my residential organics program began ……. State of the practice (north america ). Canada 2.64 million tons of food waste composted annually as of 2008

bernad
Download Presentation

Implementing Residential Organics Diversion

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Implementing Residential Organics Diversion

  2. It’s been 10 years since my residential organics program began ……

  3. State of the practice (north america) Canada • 2.64 million tons of food waste composted annually as of 2008 • As of 2011, 45% of all households composted kitchen waste, 60% of them through curbside collection. Over 50% of SFD and 22% of MFD composted kitchen waste • E.g. In Ontario, 80% of large municipalities have curbside food waste diversion, serving over 9 million residents, 2.4 million homes • Participation rates 70% +, capture rates 40% + , divert from 140 to 560 lb/HHD/year U.S. • 36 million tons of food waste generated/year, around 5% (less than 2 million tons) composted (2012) • Split roughly 50/50 between residential and commercial • As of 2014 180 curbside programs, across 16 states, majority in California, Washington, Minnesota • Around 1/3 of programs serve both residential and commercial sector • As of 2014, 7% of compost sites (347) could compost food scraps, 2% mixed organic streams (87)

  4. State of the practice

  5. State of the practiceNorth carolina Around 1.24 million tons/year of food waste in NC, 670,000 residential, 570,000 commercial Less than 30,000 tpy composted (2011) No requirement for commercial or residential diversion 18 Facilities in North Carolina (listed by BioCycle) that can accept some type of food waste: • AD facilities – 1 operating, 1 currently closed and scheduled for upgrade in 2014 • Private/Closed composting facilities – 6 • Private/Open composting facilities - 10 Some pilot / small scale residential food scrap programs in effect • Residential food waste drop-off at Convenience Centres in Orange County • Subscription services (Raleigh, Charlotte) Study underway in Wake County

  6. Design considerations • Level of interest • Feedstock Assessment • Customer Interface • Collection System • Processing Approach • Product Markets • Program costs and cost recovery • Program benefits

  7. Let’s Discuss: key issues and Success factors

  8. Generating interest • Identify and address the local drivers for (or against)… • Disposal capacity (average tip fee around $40/ton) • Current System Costs • Diversion targets (hard to meet 50%+ targets without organics diversion) • GHG emission reduction / Green energy • Engage stakeholders / champions • Pilot programs

  9. Determining eligible material types • Most successful programs include: • Year-round yard • All food scraps • Soiled/non-recyclable paper • Co-mingled yard/food/paper tends to capture high percent yard, lower percent food/paper • Separate yard / food offers option for different processing and collection scenarios (and smaller organics container) • Good material estimates help with securing processing capacity – consider material audits

  10. Education and outreach • Food scrap programs have longer learning curve than recycling • Successful programs promote EARLY and OFTEN • Define food scraps clearly – use pictoral materials – “All Food” is simple • Provide in format for frequent and convenient reference • Provide reasonable instructions to address odor, vermin etc.

  11. Convenience for participants • Collect organics weekly, same day as garbage • Provide BINS: • In-home container (durable, dishwasher safe, small) • Curbside green cart (10 gallon for food only, larger for co-mingled food/yard) • Consider space / building density / building types • Allow compostable BAGS • Restrict garbage (Limits on quantity, every other week collection)

  12. collection Collection method (automated, manual, curbside placement etc.) Consider collection modeling Options to reduce costs: • weekly co-collection of garbage and organics • co-collection of garbage/organics week 1 and recyclables/organics week 2 • every other week garbage collection Typical CDN weekly food waste collection cost ranges: • $20 to $25/HHD/annum (co-collection) to • over $35/HHD/annum (separate collection)

  13. Program costs and rates Average U.S. program costs $65 annually/HHD (2010) Reported organic collection costs approx. 1/3 total trash costs Majority of collection is contracted Best practice – either embed fee in trash rate or consider PAYT for garbage Much lower participation/capture rates if directly charge for service

  14. Processing Match technology with attributes of organic stream • Increase in volatile organics: move to in-vessel composting or anaerobic digestion • Degree of contamination affects pre-processing and processing options Match products to available markets Consider integration with existing system • co-processing with yard waste • co-processing with IC&I organics Allow time for procurement

  15. Dry Fermentation Anaerobic Digestion Photo courtesy of Zero Waste Energy Corp. Open Window Composting Organics program design Dry Processing Covered Composting Photo courtesy of Gore

  16. High solids: Urbaser, Madrid, Spain Phased solids: Clean World, Sacramento CA Organics program design Wet processing High Rate: Gills Onions, Oxnard CA

  17. Processing costs Open Windrow (Low-end) less than $40 per ton for outdoor windrow Enclosed (Mid-range) $60 to $120 per ton for in-vessel aerobic composting Anaerobic Digestion (Higher-range) $90 to $145 per ton, for Dry or Wet AD Range varies due to economies of scale and complexity of technology

  18. Processing Technology selection Feedstock quality/contaminant level Potential for odors and odor management Area/site size requirements Utilities: power, water usage and wastewater Potential permitting issues • Proven operations on similar feedstock • Ancillary cost: Chemicals, effluent • Maintenance, staffing, fuel, water, power requirements • By-product compatibility

  19. Lessons learned • No one-size fits all approach • Pilots can generate the data needed to confirm full-scale program design • Stage roll-out in large jurisdictions • Consider entire collection system – integrate changes to optimize collection of organics and other materials • Success requires ‘more hands on’ effort than other diversion programs

  20. Lessons learned • Match technology to organic stream • Market may not respond quickly to potential processing demands • Take the time for a good procurement process – well defined RFP and contracts • Many processors lack experience handing highly volatile SSO, bagged materials • Technology transfer is not always easy

  21. For more information contact: Jeffrey.Murray@hdrinc.com (919) 232-6682 Janine.Ralph@hdrinc.com (905) 380-8568 Wrap up

More Related