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Fuels Workshop

Fuels Workshop. May 2, 2005. California Environmental Protection Agency. Air Resources Board. Agenda. Introduction Topics ( presentation by ARB and Others ): Additives Silver-Corrosion Inhibitors Gasoline CaRFG3 Predictive Model Update Permeation Emissions Estimate Test Methods

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Fuels Workshop

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  1. Fuels Workshop May 2, 2005 California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board

  2. Agenda • Introduction • Topics (presentation by ARB and Others): • Additives • Silver-Corrosion Inhibitors • Gasoline • CaRFG3 Predictive Model Update • Permeation Emissions Estimate • Test Methods • CARBOB Model Validation • Diesel • Lubricity • Biodiesel • Other Topics? • Open Discussions • Closing Remarks

  3. Topics:Additives

  4. Additives Overview • The problem • Fuel Sending Unit Failures • Actions Taken • Silver Corrosion Inhibitors

  5. Additives Fuel Sending Unit Failures • Failures • Widespread Failures in the Northeast and Gulf Coast in 2004 • Failures Caused by Corrosion • Corrosion Caused by Elemental Sulfur in Gasoline • Traces of reactive sulfurs (i.e hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans) act synergistically

  6. Additives Actions Taken • ASTM adopted Silver Corrosion Standard and Silver Strip Test • Refineries are examining their operations • Test batches of gasoline • Additize as necessary • Correct refinery operations • Improve new fuel sensors

  7. Additives Silver Corrosion Inhibitors • Chemistry/Properties • Treat Rates • Causes Engine Deposits

  8. Additives Engine Deposits • At the maximum recommended dosage rate, engine deposits can increase • Adequate levels of detergent additive can mitigate deposit forming tendency of corrosion inhibitors

  9. Additives Findings • Anticipate no problem with the current recommended use of silver corrosion inhibitors • Refinery use is intermittent • Need to monitor

  10. Additives Proposed ARB Staff Advisory • Monitoring Program • Inclusion of Additive in Certification Test Fuel

  11. Additives Certification Test Fuels For future gasoline certifications: • Silver corrosion inhibitor will be a required component of the certification test fuel • Silver corrosion inhibitor is added at the maximum recommended treat rate • Exception for oil companies not planning to use silver corrosion inhibitors

  12. Topics:Gasoline

  13. Gasoline CaRFG3 Predictive Model Update • New Data Set Sources: • Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers • CRC E67 Study conducted by CE-CERT, UC Riverside • Other ? • Availability?

  14. Gasoline Permeation • In 1999, ARB staff learned that ethanol in gasoline increases evaporative emissions through a process known as permeation • Permeation is when fuel migrates through the soft fuel system found on motor vehicles • At the 1999 Hearing, the Board directed staff to conduct permeation study and report back

  15. Gasoline Permeation Test Program • In 2002, the CRC and ARB co-funded permeation study • Results: • Ethanol fuel higher than MTBE on all vehicles and higher than non-oxy on almost all vehicles • 65% or 1.4 grams/day more than MTBE gasoline • 45% or 1.1 grams/day more than non-oxygenated gasoline

  16. Gasoline Permeation Emissions Increase • Study results do not directly provide the emissions impact of permeation • Vehicle activity and fuel temperature data must be integrated to provide an appropriate temporal and spatial distribution of emissions • Staff receiving public comments on permeation emissions draft report

  17. Gasoline How to Deal with the Hydrocarbon Emissions Increase from Ethanol Use? • Hydrocarbon emissions increase well into the foreseeable future • New vehicle standards help • Slow turn over of fleet • Report back to the Board later this year • Better estimate of ethanol permeation impact on emissions • Measures to mitigate the impact

  18. Gasoline What’s Next • The CRC is proceeding with a second stage of the test program • Two additional vehicles: LEV II and PZEV • Two additional fuels: 10% ethanol and a higher aromatics fuel • E-85 will also be tested on an flexible fueled vehicle

  19. Gasoline Test Methods

  20. Gasoline CARBOB Model Validation • CARBOB regulation approved by Board April 25, 2001 • CARBOB regulation allows refiners to certify blends without having to do hand blends of ethanol • The Board directed staff to validate the CARBOB model using Phase 3 RFG • Refiners have submitted their data • Expect work to be finished by the end of the summer

  21. Gasoline Measured vs. Predicted T50

  22. Topics:Diesel

  23. Other Topics?

  24. Open Discussions

  25. Closing Remarks

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