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Methodologies used to Study Human Sexual Behavior. Surveys Clinical Studies Quasi-Experiments. SEX SURVEYS - METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS. 1) PURPOSEFUL DISTORTION 2) ABILITY TO REMEMBER 3) ABILITY TO ESTIMATE 4) COST. ALFRED KINSEY Pioneer of the Sex Survey. • SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN
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Methodologies used to Study Human Sexual Behavior • Surveys • Clinical Studies • Quasi-Experiments
SEX SURVEYS - METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS 1) PURPOSEFUL DISTORTION 2) ABILITY TO REMEMBER 3) ABILITY TO ESTIMATE 4) COST
ALFRED KINSEYPioneer of the Sex Survey •SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN THE HUMAN MALE (1948) •SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN THE HUMAN FEMALE (1953)
Kinsey’s Method • 100% Sampling Technique • Face-to-face interviewing • Rapid fire questioning • Anonymity
Results from a Survey of Illinois 4-Year University Students
Results from a Survey of Illinois 4-Year University Students
Results from a Survey of Illinois 4-Year University Students
The last time you had sex, what form of birth control did you use? Female College Students in Illinois
Male CollegeStudents in Illinois The last time you had sex, what form of birth control did you use?
Clinical Studies William Masters & Virginia Johnson
Human Sexual Response (1966) • 694 people studied • males - ages 21-89 • females - ages 18-78 • Mostly medical students • Medical View of the sample - the processes observed assumed to be normative
Technology for Sex Research Penile Strain Gauge
Technology for Sex Research Vaginal Photoplethysmograph
Technology for Sex Research Vaginal & Rectal Myographs
Advantages & Disadvantages of Masters & Johnson’s methods • Sophisticated technology • Sampling problems • “Unnatural” laboratory setting • Direct observation: No self-report problems
Quasi-Experiments • Some Important Characteristics of Real Experiments: Manipulation, Control, Random Assignment, Systematic Measurement • Why “Quasi”? ---You can’t manipulate gender.
Design of Heiman’s Quasi-Experimental Study Manipulations of story content: Crossed with this matrix of manipulations was the gender of the participant
Two Types of MeasuresUsed in Heiman’s Study • Physiological • Self-Report
Results from Heiman’s Study • Explicit sex was most arousing for both men and women • Female-initiated/female-centered scenarios were most arousing for both men and women • When physiological measures indicated that women were aroused 1/2 failed to report it