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Pathophysiology Presented by http://www.writepaperservices.com/ http://www.writepaperservices.com/
Mechanisms of Transformation • Normal cell capable of carrying out normal functions • Including protecting the body, transporting oxygen , healing wounds. • Pathogens deform, destroy, kill normal cells. • Cancerous cells, viruses, other pathogens may deform a cell • Or transform functions performed by body cells to abnormality • Inhibits normal functioning of cell. http://www.writepaperservices.com/
Causes of Cell Injury • Deficiency: condition resulting from lack of substances necessary for homeostasis and body protection. • Intoxication: release of substances that interfere with cell function - endogenous or exogenous - substances kill, destroy, deform body cells. • Trauma: condition resulting to loss of cells' structural integrity and cells' physical injury. http://www.writepaperservices.com/
Cell Injury • Infection leads to infectious agent within the body • Consumes important nutrients responsible for building antibodies. • Genetic disorder leads to impaired metabolic regulation mechanisms and impaired synthesis of antibodies and immune system. • Person’s body system may lack primary and secondary nutrients necessary in activating actions of antigens. • Body lacks necessary antibodies and antigens • Suffers reduced ability to protect body cells from infections and deformation. • Allows pathogens to attack, consume, and destroy body cells. • Causes physical cell injury, important functions terminated. http://www.writepaperservices.com/
Reversible and Irreversible Changes/Necrosis • Irreversible necrosis/irreversible cell injury: a permanent cell damage or tissue deformation. • Results in permanent interference with cell’s functions. • Reversible necrosis: where damaged cell or tissue can be restored back to initial form and function - Treatable http://www.writepaperservices.com/
Necrosis • Coagulation Necrosis: sudden cell death characterized by formation of gel-like substance within dead cells, tissues. - dead cells appear different from initial forms • Caseous necrosis: sudden cell death where dead cell develops a cheese-like shape. - cells and tissues appear very soft, tender, whitish, eg, in tuberculosis. • Gangrenous Necrosis: results from massive death of body tissues. - may develop from injury or any chronic infection - permanent death of underlying cells and tissues • Putrefaction Necrosis: decay or decomposition of body tissues composed of proteins and other organic matter. - foul smell. http://www.writepaperservices.com/
Definitions • Circulation of Immune Factors: Immune factors are those cells capable of protecting the body against pathogens and other disease causing agents. - Circulation: their free movement within the body in transporting fluids, such as blood and lymphatic fluids. - circulation allows detection, action against pathogens. • Accumulation of Tissue Fluids: Tissue fluids meant to flow in, out of tissues - help in transporting vital nutrients, oxygen; release of waste products. - Accumulation when fluids are stagnant/collected in one place - results from blockage within the tissues. http://www.writepaperservices.com/
Definitions • Blood Hydrostatic Pressure: pressure exerted on blood due to recoiling of blood capillaries and vessels. - develops as blood capillaries undergo dilation and regular constriction. • Tissue Osmotic Pressure: pressure created by tissue walls - prevents entry or inflow of water and other fluids into the tissue through its semi-permeable membrane. • Blood Osmotic Pressure: pressure caused by blood capillaries - Prevents entry of other fluids and water into the blood • Tissue Hydrostatic Pressure: pressure exerted on tissue fluids due to recoiling nature of tissues. http://www.writepaperservices.com/
Definitions • Phagocytes: cells responsible for the protection of body against pathogen causing microorganisms. - give cells immunity to resist entry of any disease-causing agent into body. • Chemo Taxis: the orientation of body cells in response to chemical nature of an infection. - response can be towards or away from the chemical stimulus. • Opsonization: process of identifying and marking the pathogens for easy control by phagocytes. http://www.writepaperservices.com/
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