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The Integumentary System

The Integumentary System. Medical Terminology Mrs. Opland. Function of the Integumentary System. Skin Bodies 1 st line of defense Sebaceous glands (oil gland) Secrete sebum that lubricates the skin & discourages growth of bacteria on the skin Sweat glands

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The Integumentary System

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  1. The Integumentary System Medical Terminology Mrs. Opland

  2. Function of the Integumentary System • Skin • Bodies 1st line of defense • Sebaceous glands (oil gland) • Secrete sebum that lubricates the skin & discourages growth of bacteria on the skin • Sweat glands • Regulate body temperature by sweating

  3. Hair • Contols the loss of body heat & receptor for the sensation of touch • Nails • Protect dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe & finger

  4. Structures of Integumentary System • skin • Epithelium, cutaneous, derma • covers external surfaces of the body • Layers of • Epidermis • Outermost layer

  5. Dermis • Middle layer • Composed of blood, nerve fibers, etc. • Connective tissues found here • Nerve endings enable body to recognize sensations such as temp, touch, pain, and pressure • tactile = pertaining to touch • Perception = ability to recognize sensory stimulus

  6. Nerve endings enable body to recognize sensations such as temp, touch, pain, and pressure • tactile = pertaining to touch • Perception = ability to recognize sensory stimulus • Subcutaneous layer • Connective tissue layer • Formation of fat • Lipocytes = fat cells • Combining form • Lip/o = fat

  7. Associated Structures • sebaceous glands • secrete oil • sebum = oily substance released by sebaceous glands • combining form • seb/o • sweat glands • pores: opening of glands on surface of skin • sweat: excess water as it cools the skin • perspiration: excretion of fluid from skin • hidrosis: production and excretions of sweat • hidr/o = sweat

  8. hair • combining form • pil/i & pil/o • hair follicles • shafts or sacs that hold the hair fibers • nails • also known as an unguis • combining form • ungu/o, onych/o • three parts • root • body • free edge

  9. eponychium / cuticle

  10. Diagnostic procedures • Biopsy • Removal of a small piece of tissue • Incisional biopsy • A piece but not all of the tumor • Excisional biopsy • Entire tumor or lesion plus a margin of surrounding tissue are removed • Excision = complete removal

  11. Diagnostic procedures • Needle biopsy • Needle used to remove a core of tissue • Exfoliative cytology • Cells scraped from the tissue and examined under microscope

  12. Pathology of Skin • Sebaceous and sweat glands • Seborrhea • Overproduction of sebum • Acne vulgaris • Inflammatory disease characterized by pustular eruptions

  13. Pathology of Skin • Comedo / blackhead • Buildup of sebum and keratin in a pore of the skin • Sebaceous cyst • Cyst of sebaceous gland, containing yellow, fatty material

  14. Hyperhidrosis • Excessive sweating • Anhidrosis • Lacking or being without sweat

  15. Hair • Pilonidal cyst • Hair-containing cyst • Hirsutism • Abnormal hairiness • Alopecia • Baldness, partial or complete

  16. Alopecia areata • Unknown etiology, well-defined bald patches • Alopecia totalis • Uncommon, loss of all the hair on the scalp • Alopecia universalis • Total loss of hair on all parts of the body • Nails • Onchia / onychitis • Inflammation of the nail • Paronychia • Infection of the fold of skin at the margin of a nail

  17. Onychophagia • Nail biting or eating • Onychocryptosis • Ingrown toenail • Onychomycosis • Fungus infection of the nail

  18. Subungual hematoma • Collection of blood under a nail • Koilonychia • Spoon nail • Outer surface of nail is concave • Clubbing • Abnormal flattening of the nail, often accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips

  19. Pigmentation • Dyschromia • Disorder of pigmentation of hair or skin • Melanosis • Deposits of black pigment in different parts of the body • Albinism • Inherited deficiency or absence of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes • Vitiligo • Loss of pigment in areas of skin, resulting in milk-white patches

  20. Surface lesions • Lesions • Pathologic change of tissues due to disease or injury • Contusion • Injury, does not break skin, swelling, discoloration, pain • Papule • Small, solid, raised skin < .5 cm

  21. Surface lesions • Plaque • Solid raised lesion > .5 cm • Macule • Flat skin lesion • Freckle, mole

  22. Patch • Localized change in skin color > 1 cm • Scale • Flaking or dry patch made up of excess dead epidermal cells • Crust • Collection of dried serum and cellular debris

  23. Wheal • Smooth, slightly elevated, swollen area • Insect bite, allergic reaction • Ecchymosis • Bruise • Purplish area caused by bleeding into skin

  24. Petechiae • Small, pinpoint hemorrhage • Verrucae • Warts • Caused by virus

  25. Birthmark / patch / nevus • Congenital pigmented cells on the skin surface • Port-wine stain • Flat persistent dark red birthmark made up of pimented cells • Strawberry hemangioma • Raised birthmark • Hemangioma • Benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels

  26. Fluid-filled lesions • Cyst • Closed sack or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material • Pustule • Circumscribed elevation of skin containing pus • Circumscribed • Contained within a limited area • Vesicle • Blister • Circumscribed elevation of skin containing fluid

  27. Bulla • Large vesicle or blister > .5 cm • Abcess • Localized collection of pus

  28. Lesions through the skin • Laceration • Torn or jagged wound • Ulcer • Open sore or erosion of skin or mucous membrane • Decubitus ulcer • Pressure ulcer, bedsore • Results from prolonged pressure on a body part

  29. Fissure • Groove or cracklike sore • Fistula • Abnormal passage from an internal organ to the body surface or between two organs • General • Dermatosis • Any skin lesion or group or lesions, or eruptions Of any type NOT associated with inflammation

  30. Dermatitis • Inflammation of the skin • Contact dermatitis • Localized allergic response caused by contact with an irritant or allergen • Puritus • Itching

  31. Uticaria • Hives • Erythroderma • Abnormal redness of the skin • Erythema • Redness or inflammation of the skin • Psoriasis • Chronic skin disorder • Symptoms = itching, silvery scales

  32. Purpura • Hemorrhage into the skin that causes bruising • Eczema • Inflammatory skin condition • Symptoms = erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, and scabs alone or in combination • Abrasion • Injury – superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away

  33. Infections • Cellulitis • Inflammation of skin cells • Pyodema • Purulent skin disease (py/0 = pus) • Impetigo • Contagious purulent skin disease • Symptoms = honey crusted drainage

  34. Furuncle • Boil • Dermatomycosis • Fungal infection of the skin • Gangrene • Death of skin tissue

  35. Putrefaction • Decay that produces foul-smelling odors • Scleroderma • Hard skin • Abnormal thickening of skin tissues

  36. Tinea • Ringworm • Fungal skin disease • Tinea capitis: found on the scalp • Tinea pedis: athletes foot • Tinea cruris: jock itch

  37. Infestations Occupation and dwelling of a parasite on external surface of the skin • Scabies • Caused by itch mite • Pediculosis • Infestation with lice

  38. Pediculosis capitis • Head lice • Pediculosis corporis • Body lice • Pediculosis pubis • Lice in the pubic hair / pubic region

  39. Skin cancer • Malignant melanoma • Skin cancer • Basal cell carcinoma • Found in basal cell layer of the epidermis (skin) • Usually found on the face, most frequent and least harmful type of skin cancer • Squamous cell carcinoma • Malignant tumor • Starts as sore that do not heal or sores with crusted, heaped-up look

  40. Skin Growths • Granuloma • Small knotlike swellings • Skin tags • Small flesh-colored growths that hang from the body • Polyp • Mushroom like growth from surface mucous membrane

  41. Cicatrix • “normal” scar left by healed wound • Keloid • Abnormally raised or thickened scar • Lipoma • Benign tumor made of fat cells

  42. Burns • Burn • Injury to skin tissue caused by heat, flame, electricity, chemicals or radiation • 1st degree burns • Superficial • No blisters • 2nd degree burns • Damage to epidermis and dermis • Blisters • 3rd degree burns • Damage to dermis, epidermis, and subcutaneous layers

  43. Procedures of the Integumentary System • Tissue removal • Debridement • Removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from wound

  44. Procedures of the Integumentary System • Incision and drainage (I&D) • Cutting open and draining a skin condition • Chemical peel (chemabrasion) • Use of chemicals to remove the outer layers of skin to treat acne scaring, fine wrinkling etc.

  45. Dermabrasion • Abrasion involving the use of revolving wire brushes or sandpaper • Cauterization • Destruction of tissue for therapeutic purposes • Cyrosurgery • Destruction of tissue through the application of extreme cold

  46. Laser treatment of skin conditions • Laser • Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation • Rhinophym • Bulbous nose, overgrowth of skin and oil galnds of the nose • TX: carbon dioxide laser to reshape the nose by vaporizing the excess tissue • Port-wine stain • Birthmark • Treated using short pulses of laser light to remove • Tattoos • Removed by using lasers that target particular colors

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