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The Integumentary System

The Integumentary System. (Skin). I. Introduction. The skin is like a coat for your body: waterproof, stretchable, washable, lasts a lifetime, and invisibly repairs small cuts, rips, and burns. II. Functions of Skin. Protection 1. Mechanical damage - bumps, blows,

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The Integumentary System

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  1. The Integumentary System (Skin)

  2. I. Introduction • The skin is like a coat for your body: waterproof, stretchable, washable, lasts a lifetime, and invisibly repairs small cuts, rips, and burns

  3. II. Functions of Skin • Protection 1. Mechanical damage - bumps, blows, scrapes, cuts, etc. 2. Chemical damage - acidic or basic substances 3. Thermal damage - heat or cold

  4. II. Functions of Skin • Protection 4. UV radiation - produces melanin 5. Bacteria - barrier to germs

  5. II. Functions of Skin B. Body Temperature Regulation 1. Heat loss: perspiration; dilation of blood vessels near skin 2. Heat retention: fat deposits; constriction of blood vessels near skin

  6. II. Functions of Skin • Conservation of Body Water *Keratin = waterproofing protein

  7. II. Functions of Skin • Excretion of Wastes *Perspiration allows urea, uric acid, sodium chloride, creatinine, lactic acid, etc. to be released from the body

  8. II. Functions of Skin • Receptors to Detect Outside Stimuli *contains receptors that detect temperature, pain, and pressure

  9. II. Functions of Skin • Vitamin Production *contains sterols that convert to Vitamin D when exposed to UV light

  10. III. Structure of the skin

  11. III. Structure of the skin • Epidermis - outer skin layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium 1. Sub-layers of the epidermis

  12. III. Structure of the skin • Stratum corneum: -top layer of the epidermis -protective covering that contains keratin -barrier layer consisting of dead, stratified squamous epithelium

  13. III. Structure of the skin • Stratum lucidum: -thin layer of clear cells -contains eleidin (translucent compound) -found mainly in palms of hands and soles of feet

  14. III. Structure of the skin • Stratrum granulosum: -consists of 3 - 5 layers of flattened cells -contains melanin

  15. III. Structure of the skin d. Stratum spinosum: -consists of 8 - 10 layers of cells -keratin is produced here

  16. III. Structure of the skin • Stratum basale: -deepest cell layer -only cell layer in which cell division occurs; receives nutrients from the dermis -most melanocytes found here

  17. III. Structure of the skin • Why doesn’t a man bleed when he shaves, even though he is cutting off many cell layers? - the epidermis is avascular (no blood supply)

  18. III. Structure of the skin • Dermis - dense connective tissue; “hide”, strong, stretchy layer that helps hold the body together 1. Sub-layers of the dermis

  19. III. Structure of the skin • Papillary layer: -outermost layer of dermis; attaches epidermis to other skin layers -has a blood supply -contains fingerlike projections that form ridges & bumps for traction (fingerprints)

  20. III. Structure of the skin • Reticular layer: -deepest skin layer; makes up most of the dermis and provides strength “toughness” -contains blood vessels, sweat & oil glands, receptors, collagen & elastic fibers

  21. III. Structure of the skin • Hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue) fatty layer that anchors skin to underlying organs; absorbs shock and insulates

  22. IV. Skin Color • Three pigments contribute to skin color 1. Melanin - yellow to reddish brown to black 2. Carotene 3. Hemoglobin

  23. V. Appendages of the skin • Sebaceous (oil) glands • Sweat glands: 1. Eccrine - water; heat regulation 2. Apocrine - fats & proteins; puberty • Hair • Nails

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