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Fascinating World of Ferns: Quick Facts and Identification Guide

Learn about ferns: leaf, stalk, roots terms; Ohio native species like Lady Fern, Christmas Fern; detailed breakdown of leaflet structure; overview of various fern types. Images courtesy of Walter Mura.

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Fascinating World of Ferns: Quick Facts and Identification Guide

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  1. LEC 08 Fern Terms & Ohio Natives FIELD BOTANY – Lecture 08 Dr. Donald P. Althoff

  2. Common ladyfern Christmas fern

  3. Ferns: some quick review & facts • About _________ species worldwide • They would generally be considered “________________” • They represent the “first” major _____________ _______________….compare this to the mosses

  4. 1 LEAF, BLADE or 2 4 (root, trunk, stock) 3

  5. Basic Morphology - Terms 1 • LEAF = BLADE = = is the flat, green, expanded part leaves/fronds vary in size and shape according to species Some species have different sizes and shapes for fertile and sterile leaves ex. sensitive fern ostrich fern Contains rachis + leaflets (pinnae)

  6. Basic Morphology - Terms 2 • STALK = STIPE = supports the leaf below axis (i.e., first set of leaves/fronds Usually flat or concave in front Usually rounded in the back Young stems typically covered with hairs or scales

  7. Basic Morphology - Terms 3 • ROOTS usual forms are thin, wiry, black, and forking. Shallow. Grow from sides and undersides of rhizome • RHIZOMEthe part of a fern from which the fronds (leaves) and roots grow supports roots below and stalk above 4

  8. 5 Leaflet or Pinna (pinnae = plural) 6 Rachis = axis = midrib

  9. Leaflet Terminology 8 Teeth 6 5 7

  10. Leaflet / Pinna breakdown… 1-leaflet highlighted 1-pinnule/subleaf highlighted 1-lobe highlighted

  11. Leaflet / Pinna breakdown… “cut” (once divided) “cut” (twice divided) “cut” (thrice divided)

  12. Leaf base shapes to base at base at base

  13. Ohio Fern Species (partial listing) • maidenhair fern • lady fern • bulbet bladder fern • hay-scented fern • crested shield fern • giant wood fern • evergreen wood fern • marginal shield fern • ostrich fern • sensitive fern • royal fern • cinnamon fern • Christmas fern Acknowledgement: most fern pictures are by Walter Mura, Ontario

  14. Maidenhair fernAdiantum pedatum Thrice-divided

  15. Lady fern Athyrium filix-femina Thrice-divided

  16. Bulbet bladder fern Cystopteris bulbifera Thrice-divided

  17. Hay-scented fern Dennstaedtia punctilobula Thrice-divided

  18. Crested shield fern Dryopteris cristata Twice-divided

  19. Giant Wood Fern(goldie’s wood fern) Dryopteris goldiana Twice-divided

  20. Intermediate woodfern(Evergreen wood fern)Dryopteris intermedia Thrice-divided

  21. Marginal shield fern(marginal woodfern)Dryopteris marginalis Twice-divided

  22. Sori • A cluster of sporangia borne on the underside of a fern frond

  23. Sporangia = sporophyll • A cluster of sporangia borne on an erect stalk….cut-leaved grapefern

  24. Ostrich fernMatteuccia struthiopteris Twice-divided

  25. Sensitive fernOnoclea sensibilis Once-divided

  26. Royal FernOsmunda regalis Twice-divided

  27. Cinnamon fernOsmunda cinnamomea Twice-divided whitish velvet coating on lower stems and fiddleheads

  28. Christmas fernPolystichum acrostichoides Once-divided

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