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Simple Machines

Simple Machines. Spring 2014. Simple Machines. Inclined Plane.

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Simple Machines

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  1. Simple Machines Spring 2014

  2. SimpleMachines

  3. Inclined Plane A plane is a flat surface. When that plane is inclined, or slanted, it can help you move objects across distances and that's work! A common inclined plane is a ramp. Lifting a heavy box onto a loading dock is much easier if you slide the box up a ramp--a simple machine.

  4. Wedge • You can use the edge of an inclined plane to push things apart. Then, the inclined plane is a wedge. So, a wedge is actually a kind of inclined plane. An axe blade is a wedge. Think of the edge of the blade. It's the edge of a smooth slanted surface.

  5. Screw A screw an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder. A screw can convert a rotational force (torque) to a linear force and vice versa.

  6. Lever • Any tool that pries something loose is a lever. A lever is a rigid bar that "pivots" (or turns) against a "fulcrum" (or a fixed point).

  7. Wheel and Axle • It is two circular objects attached together about a common axis • Wheel is the large cylinder • Axle is the small cylinder

  8. Pulley • In a pulley, a cord wraps around a wheel. As the wheel rotates, the cord moves in either direction. Now, attach a hook to the cord, and you can use the wheel's rotation to raise and lower objects.

  9. Energy, Work, Power, & Machines • 8.The mechanical advantage is the number of times a machine multiplies an effort force. Mechanical advantage can be calculated by the following equations: • AMA = Fr IMA = de Fedr • AMA = actual mechanical advantage (real life) • IMA = ideal mechanical advantage (pretend) • Fr = resistance force de = effort distance • Fe = effort force d r = resistance distance • 9. The mechanical advantage of a pulley system is determined by counting the number of strands of rope that support the resistance force.

  10. Energy, Work, Power, & Machines • 10.Work input is always greater than work output due to friction. Win= W out Fe x de = Fr x d r • Win = work input (J) • W out=work output (J) • Fe= effort force (N) • de= effort distance (m) • Fr =force of the resistance (N) • d r=how far the resistance moved (m)

  11. Energy, Work, Power, & Machines • 11.Efficiencyis a measure of how much of the work put into a machine is changed to work put out by the machine. • Efficiency is calculated using the following formula: • efficiency = W out x 100% Win • efficiency = AMA x 100% IMA

  12. Efficiency of a Machine 12.The amount of work obtained from a machine is always less than the amount of work put into it. This is because work is lost to friction. Efficiency = output work / input work x 100 Remember that work = force x distance

  13. Energy, Work, Power, & Machines • 13. Compound machines consist of two or more simple machines. A pencil sharpener is an example of a compound machine.

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