SIMPLE MACHINES

1. SIMPLE MACHINES Objectives: Students will be able to demonstrate how simple machines operate; Measure forces applied to simple machines; Practice creative problem-solving; Experiment with K’Nex to distinguish between simple machines in order to create real-life examples that are used every day in society.

2. SIMPLE MACHINES PROJECT • Complete the Vocabulary Search • Complete Procedure Questions • Draft Simple Machine Diagrams (Fixed and Moveable Pulley, Levers, Inclined Plane, Wedge, and Screw) • Respond to a BCR/ECR prompts • Construct/Build functioning Moveable and Fixed Pulleys, Elevators, Inclined Plane, and Lever, • Write in a Daily Lab Journal • Conduct a Presentation/Demonstration

3. Warm Up • What are simple machines? • Name 6 types of simple machines?

4. What are simple machines? • Simple machines are tools that make work easier. They have few or no moving parts. These machines use energy to work. • There are six types of simple machines.

5. THE 6 TYPES OF SIMPLE MACHINES Levers Inclined Planes Wheels and Axles Wedges Screws Pulleys Gears

6. LEVER A hammer is a lever when it is used to pull a nail out of a piece of wood. Bottle openers Crow bars

7. Lever • A lever is a simple machine. A lever is a board or bar that rests on a turning point. This turning point is called the fulcrum. An object that a lever moves is called the load. The closer the object is to the fulcrum, the easier it is to move.

8. INCLINED PLANE Ramp Slanted Road Path up a Hill Slide

9. Inclined Plane • An inclined plane is a simple machine. It is a flat surface that is higher on one end. You can use this machine to move an object to a lower or higher place. • Inclined planes make the work of moving things easier. You would need less energy and force to move objects with an inclined plane.

10. Wheel and Axle Cars Roller Skates Wagons Door Knobs Gears in Watches, Clocks, and Bicycles

11. Wheel and Axle • The wheel and axle is another simple machine. The axle is a rod that goes through the wheel. This lets the wheel turn. • It is easy to move things from place to place with wheels and axles.

12. Wedge Knives Axes Forks Nails

13. Wedge • A wedge is a simple machine used to push two objects apart. • A wedge is made up of two inclined planes. These planes meet and form a sharp edge. This edge can split things apart.

14. Screw Jar Lids Light Bulbs Stools Clamps Wrenches Key Rings

15. Screw • A screw is a simple machine that is made from another simple machine. It is actually an inclined plane that winds around itself. • A screw has ridges and is not smooth like a nail. Some screws are used to lower and raise things. They are also used to hold objects together.

16. PULLEY Flag Poles Clothes Lines Sailboat Blinds Crane

17. Pulley • This simple machine is made up of a wheel and a rope. The rope fits on the groove of the wheel. One part of the rope is attached to the load. When you pull on one side of the pulley, the wheel turns and the load will move. • Pulleys let you move loads up, down, or sideways. It also makes the work of moving heavy loads a lot easier.

18. GEARS Jacks Trolley Compressors Cars Elevators Escalators Tractor Ramps Wheel Spanners

19. Gears • Gears are used to:- multiply or reduce speed and force;- change the direction of motion;- transmit a force over a distance. • In a gear train we have a gear known as the driver and one known as thefollower.Driver - is the gear that has the force or motion input.Follower - is the gear that results in the force or motion output.

20. Mechanical Advantage (MA)

21. Simple Machine Projects Students (individuals) are expected to: • Build six types of simple machines • Answer questions about each types of machine • Draft/diagram each type of machine • Complete a laboratory report that details your actions during each class period

22. Daily Laboratory Journal Entries • Students’ Daily Laboratory Journal Entries Must Include: • Journaling must include a record of the entire investigatory process, from concept to conclusion. • Each time the student makes an entry into the journal, the date and time should be recorded. Nothing should ever be erased from a journal. • This is the process by which students gain an understanding of the objective of the lab, what variables are involved, what response they are looking for, and how they intend to measure that response.

23. EXTENDED CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE #1 • Students must play the game @ www.msichicago.org/simplemachines and respond to the following prompt: Explain how the six simple machines make life easier for human capabilities.

24. Vocabulary Search Using the internet and handouts, define the following terms: Friction Slope Hypotenuse Fulcrum Work Load • Effort • Effort Arm (EA) • Resistance • Resistance Arm (RA) • Mechanical Advantage (MA) • Force

25. Simple Machine Lab • Choose a simple machine to build (cards). • Build the machine and answer your questions about that machine. • Replace all material pieces and turn in your paper.

26. Questions (for each type of machine) • What type of simple machine did you build? • How does that simple machine help you? • What are 5 examples of that type of simple machine? • Describe how life would be without this simple machine.

27. Drafting ProceduresDraft diagrams of the 6 simple machines Using drafting materials (T-square, triangle, drafting board, tape, etc.), draw a diagram all six simple machines and label each part.

28. INCLINED PLANE QUESTIONS • What is an inclined plane? • How does an inclined plane help you? • List five examples of inclined planes that are used in society. • Describe how life would be without inclined planes.