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Off-Field Injury Evaluation

Off-Field Injury Evaluation. Evaluation vs. Diagnosis. By law, ATC’s cannot diagnose Education and training allow them to make quick and accurate judgment calls i.e. fractures, ligament tears, etc. Assessment Terms. Etiology – cause of disease Mechanism – mechanical description of cause

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Off-Field Injury Evaluation

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  1. Off-Field Injury Evaluation

  2. Evaluation vs. Diagnosis • By law, ATC’s cannot diagnose • Education and training allow them to make quick and accurate judgment calls • i.e. fractures, ligament tears, etc.

  3. Assessment Terms • Etiology – cause of disease • Mechanism – mechanical description of cause • Pathology – structural and functional changes as result of injury • Symptom – change this indicates injury/disease • Sign – indicator of an injury/disease

  4. Off-Field Injury Eval Process HOPS • History • Observation • Palpation • Special Tests

  5. HOPS - History • Past experiences • “Has this ever happened before? If so, when?” • Present • “What’s the problem?” • “How did it happen?” • “When did it happen?” • “Did you hear or feel anything?” • Have them point to where it hurts and describe pain • Acute or chronic?

  6. HOPS - Observation • How do they move? • Is there a limp? • Obvious asymmetries/deformities? • Swelling? • Unnatural lumps? (i.e. fracture or dislocation)

  7. HOPS - Palpation • Bony • Check injured and non-injured sights • Check bilateral • Soft Tissue • Swelling • Lumps • Gaps • Tissue tightness • Check bilateral

  8. HOPS – Special Tests • Movement Assessment • AROM, PROM, RROM • Manual Muscle Testing • Muscle isolation • Neuro Testing • Sensory, reflex, motor • Joint Stability Testing • Sprain grades • Functional Performance Testing • Full strength, joint stability, coordination, and pain free

  9. Progress Evals • Monitors progress of the athlete • History • Pain today vs. yesterday? Did yesterday’s treatment help or make it worse? • Observation • Swelling down? Can athlete move better? • Palpation • Tenderness? Deformities? • Special Tests • More stable? More strength? Better ROM?

  10. Documentation of Injury Evals • Accurate documentation CYA • SOAP Notes: • Subjective – what the athlete tells you • Objective – what ATC finds (palpation, ROM, special tests) • Assessment – ATC’s professional opinion • Plan – treatment, referral, inform parents, etc.

  11. Imaging - Radiography • X-Rays • Used to identify • Fractures • Dislocations • Bone abnormalities

  12. X-Ray

  13. Imaging – Computed Tomography • CT • Like X-ray, but more detail • Allows for views from many angles

  14. CT

  15. Imaging – Magnetic Resonance Imaging • MRI • Expensive • Test of choice for detecting soft-tissue injuries • Ligament tears • Tendon injuries • Muscle injuries

  16. MRI

  17. Imaging - Ultrasound • View location, measurement, or delineation of an organ or tissue • Reflection of sound waves • Typically only used in pregnancy

  18. Ultrasound

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