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Off the Battle Field

Off the Battle Field. Hardships at Home Politics – North and South Prison Camps Medical Conditions. Hardships – the South. Food Shortages Many planters refused to grow food instead of cotton. Southern Bread Riots. Bread riots occurred in Southern cities (most notably Richmond ).

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Off the Battle Field

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  1. Off the Battle Field Hardships at Home Politics – North and South Prison Camps Medical Conditions

  2. Hardships – the South Food Shortages Many planters refused to grow food instead of cotton

  3. Southern Bread Riots Bread riots occurred in Southern cities (most notably Richmond)

  4. Hardships – the South Industry grew, but growth did not keep up with demand

  5. High inflation of currency

  6. Hardships – the South Significance: Women became important – managed farms Hardships on the home front led soldiers to desert

  7. Hardships – the North The war hurt many northern industries but helped others Prices rose faster than wages

  8. Politics – South CSA – Draft law passed in 1862 (white men ages 18-35 to serve for 3 years) Much opposition - the draft violated the principles the South was fighting for Local authorities often refused to cooperate with draft officials

  9. Politics - South CSA Congress passed an income taxto help pay for the war Jefferson Davis: tried to centralize authority – problem in a country that prized states’ rights.

  10. Politics – North • Republicans in control – passed domestic policies: • Pacific Railroad Act – transcontinental railroad possible • Homestead Act – free government land to settlers out West

  11. Politics – North 1861: passed the first federal income tax in US History 1862: Congress created a national currency ~ greenbacks

  12. Prison Camps • Initially: CSA and Union exchanged prisoners • Halfway: captured CSA soldiers were sent to prison camps throughout the North (initially exchanged prisoners) • Camp Douglas in Chicago • Point Lookout in Maryland • Ft. Delaware in New Jersey • Elmira in NY

  13. Prison Camps - Andersonville Most notorious and terrible prison camp was Andersonville (GA)

  14. Prison Camps - Andersonville About 100 prisoners died per day (total 13,000 out of 45,000)

  15. Prison Camps - Andersonville The camp’s commander (Wirz) was tried for war crimes and hanged

  16. Medical Conditions Sanitation in most army camps was non-existent Union soldier: 1 in 65 died in battle; 1 in 13 died of disease

  17. Surgeon embalming a soldier

  18. Medical Conditions Surgeons sometimes went for days without washing their instruments

  19. Medical Conditions – Nurses • Dorthea Dix helped organize the Union Army’s Nursing Corp • Clara Barton helped provide first aid and supplies to Union troops • Founded the American Red Cross after the war

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