Gas Exchange in Animals

1. Gas Exchange in Animals

2. Respiration • All living things carry out respiration.

3. Respiration • All living things carry out respiration. • Respiration is the release of energy from food. Every cell in your body performs this complex cycle!!!

4. Respiration • All living things carry out respiration. • Respiration is the release of energy from food. • This is the process of taking in OXYGEN

5. Respiration • All living things carry out respiration. • Respiration is the release of energy from food. • This is the process of taking in OXYGEN and giving out CARBON DIOXIDE.(Opposite with plants…)

6. Respiration • All living things carry out respiration. • Respiration is the release of energy from food. • This is the process of taking in OXYGEN and giving out CARBON DIOXIDE.(Opposite with plants…) • Oxygen has to pass through a MEMBRANE (like very thin skin which acts as a barrier) and carried into the cells.

7. Crossing a Membrane

8. Respiration • All living things carry out respiration. • Respiration is the release of energy from food. • This is the process of taking in OXYGEN and giving out CARBON DIOXIDE.(Opposite with plants…) • Oxygen has to pass through a MEMBRANE (like very thin skin which acts as a barrier) and carried into the cells. • In cells, mitochondria (part of the cell) take the oxygen and release energy. Carbon dioxide is given out after this.

9. Part of the cell where respiration occurs…

10. Crossing a membrane. • For something to cross a membrane, it must go from HIGH concentration gradient to LOW concentration gradient. • http://leavingbio.net/OSMOSIS%20AND%20DIFFUSION.htm

11. Crossing a membrane. • For something to cross a membrane, it must go from HIGH concentration gradient to LOW concentration gradient. • EG: there is more oxygen in your lungs when you breathe in – this oxygen DIFFUSES across the membrane of your lung and into your blood stream to be transported around your body to the rest of your cells.

12. So…before we continue… • Respiration 

13. So…before we continue… • Respiration  is the release of energy from food. (Happens inside your cells!)

14. So…before we continue… • Respiration  is the release of energy from food. • Gaseous exchange 

15. So…before we continue… • Respiration  is the release of energy from food. • Gaseous exchange  is the movement of gases across a membrane. (Oxygen from inside lungs to blood stream!)

16. So…before we continue… • Respiration  is the release of energy from food. • Gaseous exchange  is the movement of gases across a membrane. • Breathing 

17. So…before we continue… • Respiration  is the release of energy from food. • Gaseous exchange  is the movement of gases across a membrane. • Breathing  is the PHYSICAL movement that helps the exchange of gases occur. (Getting oxygen into our lungs so it can diffuse into our blood)

18. So…before we continue… • Respiration  is the release of energy from food. • Gaseous exchange  is the movement of gases across a membrane. • Breathing  is the PHYSICAL movement that helps the exchange of gases occur. • DON’T CONFUSE RESPIRATION WITH BREATHING – IT IS NOT THE SAME THING!

19. Breathing... • Refers to the use of muscles to move water or air (into lungs or through gills)

20. Breathing... • Refers to the use of muscles to move water or air (into lungs or through gills). • This helps respiration efficiency.

21. Breathing... • Refers to the use of muscles to move water or air (into lungs or through gills). • This helps respiration efficiency. • Therefore metabolism can work faster and there can be a higher level of activity.

22. Respiratory systems must have… • A moist surface  gases have to dissolve in water to pass through a membrane.

23. Respiratory systems must have… • A moist surface  gases have to dissolve in water to pass through a membrane. • Large surface area  depending on the size of the animal. This leads to folding and branching of the surface.

24. Axolotl…

25. Respiratory systems must have… • A moist surface  gases have to dissolve in water to pass through a membrane. • Large surface area  depending on the size of the animal. This leads to folding and branching of the surface. • Thin surface  gases can’t diffuse across thick membranes. These thin membranes must be protected; think lungs. They are internal.

26. Different gas exchange surfaces • Diffusion across a membrane: - Protozoa. Organisms so small that all parts of the cell are close to the water so simple diffusion across the cell membrane is enough.

27. Different gas exchange surfaces • Diffusion across a membrane: • Protozoa. Organisms so small that all parts of the cell are close to the water so simple diffusion across the cell membrane is enough. • Jellyfish. Have a central cavity filled with water and their bodies are only two cells thick (as above – simple diffusion is sufficient)

28. Different gas exchange surfaces 2. Skin breathers: - Earthworms. Use skin as respiratory surface. To keep it moist they secrete a mucus – if worms dry out, they suffocate.

29. Different gas exchange surfaces 2. Skin breathers: - Earthworms. Use skin as respiratory surface. To keep it moist they secrete a mucus – if worms dry out, they suffocate. Earthworms have a blood system with haemoglobin in a soluble form to carry the gas to the tissues.