International Standard for Sustainable Wild Collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (ISSC-MAP)

1. International Standard for Sustainable Wild Collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants(ISSC-MAP)

2. Uses of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Food Medicines Cosmetics ISSC-MAP:The focus is on the species! Spices Source: U. Schippmann

3. Important Facts • 50,000 – 70,000 medicinal and aromatic plants are estimated to be used world-wide. • Some 3,000 MAP species are traded internationally. Ressource under pressure:About 15,000 medicinal plant species may be threatened to some degree world-wide (IUCN). Resource under pressure:About 15,000 medicinal plant species may be threatened to some degree world-wide (IUCN).

4. Production of MAP !Make wild collection sustainable! Ca. 900 MAP species are commercially cultivated. • Most MAP species are now – and will continue to be – wild collected! • Cultivation cannot be the principal solution to over-harvesting! Photo: Yan Zhijian Estimation of wild collection • (70)-90% in terms of species numbers • 50-(70%) in terms of quantity Photo: B. Pätzold

5. Challenges for a Standard on Sustainable Wild Collection of MAP • Unique circumstances of ecology, habitat, and pressures on resource for each species • Harvesting techniques: Questions about “how to” collect wild MAP sustainably • Uncertainty about annual sustained yield

6. Challenges for a Standard on Sustainable Wild Collection of MAP • Large number of products, uses, and markets • Proliferation of labels and claims regarding sustainability without means for validation • Long and complex supply chains – difficult to trace product back to its source

7. WHOGACP WHO IUCN WWF Conservation Guideline The missing link: set of rules to define, implement, and evaluate good management practices ISSC-MAP ? ? Devils Claw Namibia Arnica Romania Ratanhia Peru Bearberry Russia Guidelines for MAP Conservation, Production, Quality Control (= general recommendations) Management Plans for Species and Regions

8. Existing Frameworks & Gaps Ecosystem Management e.g. Forest – FSC Organic Agriculture – IFOAM, Demeter Species Conservation & Sustainable Use Equity e.g. Fair trade – FLO Access and Benefit Sharing regime, FairWild Health and Safety e.g. GACP – AHPA, EMEA, WHO

9. Drafting Process Development 2004-2006 Implementation 2007-…. Legal Adoption & Policy Development Cooperation Certification People &Politics Testing Voluntary Codes of Practice ISSC-MAP Product Plant Consultation Resource Management Information & Training CITES Conferences

10. ISSC-MAP – Purpose To ensure the continued use and long-term survivalof medicinal and aromatic plant (MAP) species and populations in their habitats, while respecting the traditions, cultures and livelihoods of all stakeholders.

11. ISSC-MAP – Objectives • To provide aframework of principlesand criteriathat can be applied to the management of MAP species and their ecosystems • To provideguidancefor management planning • To serve as abasis for monitoring and reporting, and • To recommendrequirements for certificationof sustainable wild collection of MAPs.

12. ISSC-MAP Version 1.0 (2007): 3 Levels 6 Principles 18 Criteria 100+ Indicators • Press launch BioFach, Nuremburg, Germany Febr 07 • 1st release in North America at Natural Products Expo West, March 07 • Available online at www.floraweb.de/map-pro

13. ISSC-MAP Version 1.0: 6 Principles Maintaining Wild Map Resources Wild collection and conservation requirements Preventing Negative Environmental Impacts Compliance with Laws, Regulations, and Agreements Legal and ethical requirements Respecting Customary Rights Management and business practices Applying Responsible Management Practices Applying Responsible Business Practices

14. Implementation „Get dirt on it!“ – Implementation projects → Promotion → Awareness raising → Consultation → Fundraising Photos: G. Kinhal, B. Pätzold, F. Barsch, • What we need:Strong partners • Private Sector • Development Cooperation Agencies • Certifiers • Country authorities • Resource managers, communities

15. Implementation Phase I (2007-2009) Aims • Demonstrate benefits for on-the-ground operations and for MAP / habitat conservation • Detect challenges and obstacles • Provide sound cost calculations of ISSC-MAP implementation in a variety of different environments and under different conditions • Develop further guidance documents • Develop implementation reports to draw recommendations for the update of the ISSC-MAP • Provide case studies to enhance the ISSC-MAP‘s profile • Find ways to link the ISSC-MAP to existing standards

16. Implementation Projects Bosnia-Herzegovina Implementation of the ISSC-MAP in co-operation with partners from the local private sector and government authorities Nepal Use of ISSC-MAP in conservation areas and buffer zones managed by local communities China Inclusion of ISSC-MAP into the development of regional resource management Brazil Model implementation at community level in Acre, Amazon India Uttarakhand: ISSC-MAP Implementation along the mandi trade chain Lesotho Development of a regional management plan for Pelargonium sidoides together with national authorities Cambodia Identification of priority species and development of a local model implementation project

17. Implementation Projects In the field – Variety of situations: • Step-wise approach: • Situation analysis (ecologial, social, cultural aspects) with local stakeholders/target group involvement • `Translation´of ISSC-MAP contents into local context • Interim management decisions and collection protocols leading to regular resource assessments and monitoring • Training and capacity building • Development of a management plan • Periodic review Photos: G. Kinhal, D. Cole

18. Who benefits from a widely accepted, credible standard? • Industry sustainable resource use and corporate social and environmental responsibility • Resource managers guidelines for MAP protection, harvest, and monitoring • Collectors insurance against resource and market failures • Consumers reliability of claims about ecological sustainability and fair trade • Species and habitats maintain biodiversity

19. ISSC-MAP Project website: www.floraweb.de/map-pro Decision Board: Danna J. Leaman (IUCN-SSC Medicinal Plant Specialist Group) (MPSG) Susanne Honnef (WWF Germany and TRAFFIC) Uwe Schippmann (German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation) Giridhar A. Kinhal (Foundation for the Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, India) Rainer Bächi (Institute for Market Ecology IMO, Switzerland) Josef Brinckmann (Traditional Medicinals Inc., USA) Ximena Buitrón Cisneros (IUCN MPSG) Secretariat: Britta Pätzold, Susanne Honnef (WWF Germany and TRAFFIC, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe University Frankfurt)

20. ISSC-MAP Project website: www.floraweb.de/map-pro Implementation Project Co-ordinators: Brasil: Ximena Buitrón Cisneros (IUCN MPSG, Quito) ximena.buitron@sur.iucn.org Cambodia: Chris Turton (TRAFFIC Vietnam) cturton@traffic.netnam.vn India: Giridhar A. Kinhal giridharkinhal@gmail.com and Samir Sinha (TRAFFIC India), ssinha@wwfindia.net Lesotho/South Africa: David Newton (TRAFFIC SA) david.newton@ewt.org.za Nepal: Indu Bikal Sapkota (WWF Nepal) indu.sapkota@wwfnepal.org SEE, Bosnia-Herzegovina: Anastasiya Timoshyna (TRAFFIC HU) and Sladjana Bundalo anastasiya.timoshyna@wwf.hu