What You SHOULD KNOW by NOW

1. What You SHOULD KNOW by NOW Facts of The Day 1 - 13 The document that declares to the world our independence from England is called the 1.___________ __ ____________What year? 2._____ Who wrote it? 3. ____________ Define BIAS? 4. ____________________________ Supreme Law of the Land? 5. _____________ What year? 6. ______ Who wrote it? 7. ______________ 1776 Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson favoritism, prejudice, unfairness U.S. Constitution 1787 James Madison

2. The Columbian Exchange 1. From OLD World to NEW World From NEW World to OLD World * Ragweed * Wheat * Daisies * Chickens * Oats * Llamas * Peanuts * Pineapples * Papayas * Avocados Name the 3 countries involved in the Columbian Exchange? & the Americas Africa, Europe African Slaves to America TRIANGULAR T R A D E

3. 2.. G E O R G E W A S H I N G T O N * Commander of the Continental Army - 1776 * President of the Constitutional Convention - 1787 * 1st President of the United States, 1789 - 1797 * Father of our Country, never gave up in battle/war American Revolution

4. THOMAS J E F F E R S O N 3. WHAT YEAR? * Wrote the DECLARATION of INDEPENDENCE - 1776 * Helped convince FRANCE to Join America against England in the Revolutionary War - so he was not fighting - AMBASSADOR to France 1803 * 3rd President of the United States * Purchased the LOUISIANA PURCHASE from FRANCE FOR 15 MILLION DOLLARS 1803

5. ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION 4. STATES held the POWER, not the FEDERAL GOVT. * Our GOVERNMENT during the American Revolution * WEAK Central govt. - did not have a president * No POWER to TAX the PEOPLE or the STATES * Replaced with the U.S. CONSTITUTION in 1787 WEAK GOVT.

6. M E R C A N T I L I S M 5. * 13 colonies forced to export products only to ENGLAND. * Prevented Economic growth in the colonies * Colonies only existed for the benefit of the MOTHER Country - ENGLAND/GREAT BRITAIN RAW Materials from the Colonies to ENGLAND 13 ? ? AMERICA England

7. Alexander Hamilton 6. First Secretary of TREASURY Proposed thefederal assumption of state debts, the establishment of a national bank, and the federal stimulation of industrythrough EXCISE tax and tariffs Opponents, including Jefferson, saw programs as aiding a small, elite group at the expense of the average citizen Died from wounds sustained in a pistol duel with Aaron Burr, Jefferson’s Vice President 1757-1804

8. Reconstruction 7. Lasted from 1865 – 1877, from the end of the Civil War until the Union Army’s withdrawal from the South. It involved many factors; readmitting Southern states to the union, rebuilding a decimated south, & integrating freed slaves into society. It spurred economic development, the high tax rates and corruption that accompanied it, inspired widespread opposition in the South. When the Union Army left, the South largely returned to its pre-RECONSTRUCTION state.

9. HOMESTEAD ACT 1862 8. The federal government guaranteed 160 acres of land in the WEST to any settler who would homestead it. Homesteading meant cultivating the land, building a home, and inhabiting it for at least five years. The government was eager to develop agriculture in the West. Unfortunately much of the available land already had people living on it ---the NATIVE AMERICANS.

10. 9. TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD Completed with GOLDEN SPIKE at Promontory Point, UTAH 1869 Marked the meeting of the UNION PACIFIC & the CENTRAL PACIFIC railroads During construction, the Union Pacific used IRISH labor, while the CENTRAL PACIFIC used CHINESE labor The connection of the railroads opened national markets and met growing economic needs

11. Dawes Severalty ACT 10. Legislation encouraging the breakup of Native American tribes in hopes of ASSIMILATING them into American society Distributed Native American reservation lands among individual members of the tribe to form a system of agriculture (farming) more similar to the white man’s Gave each head of a Native American family 160 acres of farmland or 320 acres of grazing land Effect was to nearly destroy the reservation system, as the remaining tribal lands were opened up for whites ….. Reversed in 1934. Native Americans resisted this solution, and poverty forced many to sell their land allotment. 1887

12. Ghost DANCE Movement 11. Started by Wovoka (A Paiute Indian) in 1889, the GHOST DANCE MOVEMENT was based around a dance ritual that enabled participants to envision a better future, one in which NATIVE AMERICANS regained their control of North America. Sioux Ghost Dancers believed in medicine man-blessed “ghost shirts” that could stop bullets; this belief contributed a rise in Sioux militancy and, ultimately to the 1890 massacre at WOUNDED KNEE. 1889

13. Battle of Wounded KNEE 12. SIOUX natives wished to practice a dance (GHOST DANCE) that they believed would free their lands, rid them of whites, & lead to prosperity; this frightened white settlers The Federal army believed Chief Sitting Bull was planning a rebellion’ acting on the settlers’ fear and their suspicions, the army captured the chief In a sudden exchange of gunfire between the tribe and the army, Chief Sitting Bull and others were killed; the remainder of the tribe fled to a camp near Wounded Knee Creek When the army reached this camp, a shot was fired, and in reaction, the army killed two hundred men, women, & children in what is considered the last battle of the INDIAN WARS 1890

14. 13. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION * Increase in URBAN (city) Population Ethic Neighborhoods/Ghettos * Rise in Middle Class * Increased IMMIGRATION from EUROPE/assimilation…..children * Poor SANITATION (no toilets/clean drinking water) * SLUMS/TENEMENTS are built, overcrowding * blending of Cultures *STEEL is developed Melting P O T