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Project Advisory Group on Education A v iew of a cademia Prof Em. Hiroaki IKEDA, Chiba University. APEC Sub-Committee on Standards and Conformance (SCSC). 1.3. Contents. Introduction self-introduction of the presenter Overview of standards and conformity
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Project Advisory Group on Education A view of academia Prof Em. Hiroaki IKEDA, Chiba University APEC Sub-Committee on Standards and Conformance (SCSC) 1.3
Contents • Introduction • self-introduction of the presenter • Overview of standards and conformity • View of academia on current status of education in universities and colleges • Issues to be highlighted • Conclusions – Recommendations
Self introduction, academic • Faculty member of Chiba University (1968…2008) • in Faculty of Engineering • in Graduate School of Engineering • Prof. Emeritus of Chiba University (2008…to date) • Providing lectures including on “International Standardization” (2000…to date)
Self-introduction, standarization • Started his activities in 1983 for IEC/SC 61G • Technical Area Manager on “Colour Manage-ment,” IEC TC 100/TA 2 (1996-2008) • Convener of ISO-IEC Joint WG (1998-) • Project Leader of IEC 80416-1 and -3 • IEC Lord KELVIN Award (1999) • Secretary of IEC SC 3C (2000…to date) • Convener of IEC 62648 (2009…to date) • Project Editor of ISO/IEC JTC 1/C 35 (2008…to date)
Overview of standards and conformity • Aspects of “standards” – most of them are voluntary • Geography • National, Regional, and International • Industrial sector or academic discipline • Electrotechnology (IEC) • Information Communication Technology (ITU, IEC, ISO) • Neither of the above (ISO) • such as mechanical, chemical, and so on • Consensus creation • De-jure, De-facto, and fora
Overview of standards and conformity, cont. • Aspect of “conformity” – some of “standards” are used as bases for conformity assessment (CA) • testing • inspection • sampling • audit • assessment of CA bodies • accreditation • certification • surveillance
Overview of standards and conformity, cont. • Relationship between standards and CA bodies • A good standard is written so as to allow conformity to its requirements to be assessed: • it describes the function and behaviour of the products, rather than its design; • it gives precise, measurable specifications; • it mandates tests and test methods which are reliable and reproducible. • A good standard should be equally usable for CA of • 1st-party (seller) • 2nd-party (buyer) • 3rd-party (Neither seller or buyer – officially, “person or body that is independent” of the 1st and 2nd parties).
Expectations to academia • Mandates of academia linked to “education” • Knowledge transfer to the next generation on the established academic disciplines, such as • Engineering, Medicine, Economics, Politics, Sociology, Literature, and so on • Research on cutting-edge technologies • Leading to a new academic discipline or inter-disciplinary results • Development on leading-edge systems • Leading to a new scheme or system to provide a good order to mankind
What is “standardization”? View ofAcademia • It is “activity of establishing, with regard to actual or potential problems, provisions for common and repeated use, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context”. • In particular, the activity consists of the process of formulating, issuing and implementing standards. Quoted from clause 1.1 (and Note 1), ISO/IEC Guide 2 Ed.8 (2004)
Similarity of “academic study” to “standardization” • It is activity of publishing, with regard to actual or potential problems, papers for common and repeated use, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context. • In particular, the activity consists of education, study, collaboration and, implementing the solution as patents and standards. View ofAcademia
Benefits of standardization View ofAcademia • They are • “improvement of the suitability of products, processes and services for intended purposes, • prevention of barriers to trade and • facilitation of technological cooperation”. Quoted from Note 2 of clause 1.1, ISO/IEC Guide 2 Ed.8 (2004)
View of academiaon benefits of standardization • They will be • provision of alternative solutions to the actual or potential problems, • expansions of outlet not only as academic papers but also standards, and • facilitation of technological cooperation. View ofAcademia
Relationship between educational institutions and standardization bodies Higher educationalinstitutes Academic papers Potentialhumanresource Brushed uphumanresource Patents (Graduation) (Admission) Enterprises & Governments Products & Services Standards & Rec’s (Social responsibility) (IEC-ISO-ITU) Users in general, consumers (Standardization of education) (International collaboration) IEC-ISO-ITU
Recent trends in education of SDO • From IEC SMB Standardization Strategy Implementation Plan 2008-2011, e.g. • Goal 3a) Supporting NCs in attracting and recruiting experts to the IEC work • Goal 4d) Soliciting input from academia and research institutes View ofAcademia
Embedding IPR’s in standards, recent trend View ofAcademia
Example of direct involvement of academia View ofAcademia
A view of academia, conformity View ofAcademia Reference: Conformity assessment for developing countries – Guidelines Ed. 3, IEC (2008-10)
A view of academia,Some primitive aspects considered in education • As in standardization: • Establishment of basic concepts commonly acceptable • Unambiguous general terms and definitions provided • Consistent use of basic terminology in teaching materials • conformityfulfillment of requirements of a standard • Note: The term “conformance” is synonymous but deprecated.
A view of academiaKey points to be answered • What are the benefits for • Students under education • How to motivate them to attend the class? • What kind of carrier path after graduation is expected? • Teachers, lecturers and professors • Are they recognized? Rewarded? • Educational institutes • Is it requirement or in high priority for them to provide the lectures on standards and conformity?
ConclusionsRecommendations from academia • Development of common teaching materials • Consistent use of terminology (with clear definition) • Conformity vs. conformance • Standardization • Clear benefits and links to the activities in academia: • education • Leading to a carrier path for educated people in collaboration with industries • research • Results of research: not only academic papers and patents, but also new work item proposals to trigger standardization • collaboration with academic institutions • top-down encouragement of education and research as governmental policy
For further reference: • ISO/IEC Guide 2 Ed. 8 (2004), Standardization and related activities – General vocabulary • ISO/IEC 17000:2004, Conformity assessment – Vocabulary and general principles • Conformity assessment for developing countries – Guidelines Ed. 3, International Electrotechnical Commission (2008-10) • Building Trust – The Conformity Assessment Toolbox, International Organization for Standardization (undated)