APEC Sub-Committee on Standards and Conformance (SCSC)

1. Project Advisory Group on Education A view of academia Prof Em. Hiroaki IKEDA, Chiba University APEC Sub-Committee on Standards and Conformance (SCSC) 1.3

2. Contents • Introduction • self-introduction of the presenter • Overview of standards and conformity • View of academia on current status of education in universities and colleges • Issues to be highlighted • Conclusions – Recommendations

3. Self introduction, academic • Faculty member of Chiba University (1968…2008) • in Faculty of Engineering • in Graduate School of Engineering • Prof. Emeritus of Chiba University (2008…to date) • Providing lectures including on “International Standardization” (2000…to date)

4. Self-introduction, standarization • Started his activities in 1983 for IEC/SC 61G • Technical Area Manager on “Colour Manage-ment,” IEC TC 100/TA 2 (1996-2008) • Convener of ISO-IEC Joint WG (1998-) • Project Leader of IEC 80416-1 and -3 • IEC Lord KELVIN Award (1999) • Secretary of IEC SC 3C (2000…to date) • Convener of IEC 62648 (2009…to date) • Project Editor of ISO/IEC JTC 1/C 35 (2008…to date)

5. Overview of standards and conformity • Aspects of “standards” – most of them are voluntary • Geography • National, Regional, and International • Industrial sector or academic discipline • Electrotechnology (IEC) • Information Communication Technology (ITU, IEC, ISO) • Neither of the above (ISO) • such as mechanical, chemical, and so on • Consensus creation • De-jure, De-facto, and fora

6. Overview of standards and conformity, cont. • Aspect of “conformity” – some of “standards” are used as bases for conformity assessment (CA) • testing • inspection • sampling • audit • assessment of CA bodies • accreditation • certification • surveillance

7. Overview of standards and conformity, cont. • Relationship between standards and CA bodies • A good standard is written so as to allow conformity to its requirements to be assessed: • it describes the function and behaviour of the products, rather than its design; • it gives precise, measurable specifications; • it mandates tests and test methods which are reliable and reproducible. • A good standard should be equally usable for CA of • 1st-party (seller) • 2nd-party (buyer) • 3rd-party (Neither seller or buyer – officially, “person or body that is independent” of the 1st and 2nd parties).

8. Expectations to academia • Mandates of academia linked to “education” • Knowledge transfer to the next generation on the established academic disciplines, such as • Engineering, Medicine, Economics, Politics, Sociology, Literature, and so on • Research on cutting-edge technologies • Leading to a new academic discipline or inter-disciplinary results • Development on leading-edge systems • Leading to a new scheme or system to provide a good order to mankind

9. What is “standardization”? View ofAcademia • It is “activity of establishing, with regard to actual or potential problems, provisions for common and repeated use, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context”. • In particular, the activity consists of the process of formulating, issuing and implementing standards. Quoted from clause 1.1 (and Note 1), ISO/IEC Guide 2 Ed.8 (2004)

10. Similarity of “academic study” to “standardization” • It is activity of publishing, with regard to actual or potential problems, papers for common and repeated use, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context. • In particular, the activity consists of education, study, collaboration and, implementing the solution as patents and standards. View ofAcademia

11. Benefits of standardization View ofAcademia • They are • “improvement of the suitability of products, processes and services for intended purposes, • prevention of barriers to trade and • facilitation of technological cooperation”. Quoted from Note 2 of clause 1.1, ISO/IEC Guide 2 Ed.8 (2004)

12. View of academiaon benefits of standardization • They will be • provision of alternative solutions to the actual or potential problems, • expansions of outlet not only as academic papers but also standards, and • facilitation of technological cooperation. View ofAcademia

13. Relationship between educational institutions and standardization bodies Higher educationalinstitutes Academic papers Potentialhumanresource Brushed uphumanresource Patents (Graduation) (Admission) Enterprises & Governments Products & Services Standards & Rec’s (Social responsibility) （IEC-ISO-ITU） Users in general, consumers (Standardization of education) (International collaboration) IEC-ISO-ITU

14. Recent trends in education of SDO • From IEC SMB Standardization Strategy Implementation Plan 2008-2011, e.g. • Goal 3a) Supporting NCs in attracting and recruiting experts to the IEC work • Goal 4d) Soliciting input from academia and research institutes View ofAcademia

15. Recent trends in education, cont

16. Recent trends in education, cont

17. Embedding IPR’s in standards, recent trend View ofAcademia

18. Example of direct involvement of academia View ofAcademia

19. A view of academia, conformity View ofAcademia Reference: Conformity assessment for developing countries – Guidelines Ed. 3, IEC (2008-10)

20. A view of academia,Some primitive aspects considered in education • As in standardization: • Establishment of basic concepts commonly acceptable • Unambiguous general terms and definitions provided • Consistent use of basic terminology in teaching materials • conformityfulfillment of requirements of a standard • Note: The term “conformance” is synonymous but deprecated.

21. A view of academiaKey points to be answered • What are the benefits for • Students under education • How to motivate them to attend the class? • What kind of carrier path after graduation is expected? • Teachers, lecturers and professors • Are they recognized? Rewarded? • Educational institutes • Is it requirement or in high priority for them to provide the lectures on standards and conformity?

22. ConclusionsRecommendations from academia • Development of common teaching materials • Consistent use of terminology (with clear definition) • Conformity vs. conformance • Standardization • Clear benefits and links to the activities in academia: • education • Leading to a carrier path for educated people in collaboration with industries • research • Results of research: not only academic papers and patents, but also new work item proposals to trigger standardization • collaboration with academic institutions • top-down encouragement of education and research as governmental policy

23. For further reference: • ISO/IEC Guide 2 Ed. 8 (2004), Standardization and related activities – General vocabulary • ISO/IEC 17000:2004, Conformity assessment – Vocabulary and general principles • Conformity assessment for developing countries – Guidelines Ed. 3, International Electrotechnical Commission (2008-10) • Building Trust – The Conformity Assessment Toolbox, International Organization for Standardization (undated)