The Byzantine Empire: The New Rome

3. The Byzantine Empire: The New Rome

4. Objectives • Describe the geographic advantages of Constantinople’s location • Describe the role of Justinian in the rise of the Byzantine Empire • Compare the decline of Roman Empire to the decline of the Byzantium Empire • Examine the reasons for the split of the Catholic Church within the Byzantine Empire.

5. Setting the stage • The Western Roman Empire crumbled • For 1000 years after the collapse of the west the east would carry on the glory of Rome • The east would remain and become: The Byzantine Empire

7. Byzantine Stations • Explain Stations • Start 1st station • Tomorrow • Finish Stations • Go over Rome Test

8. Bell Work Station Quiz Get out station notes

9. Objectives • Describe the geographic advantages of Constantinople’s location • Describe the role of Justinian in the rise of the Byzantine Empire • Compare the decline of Roman Empire to the decline of the Byzantium Empire • Examine the reasons for the split of the Catholic Church within the Byzantine Empire.

10. Why the East? • Geography • Better for defense • Good location for trade • Bosporus Strait • Major trade routes b/w Asia &Europe meet • Control these gateways= control the shipping Asia Europe

11. Emperor Justinian

12. Reign of Justinian • 3 goals of Justinian • Re-conquer Roman lands • Simplify the laws • Glorify Constantinople

13. Reconquering Roman Lands • Wanted to regain Rome’s glory • Created huge Christian empire • Ruled almost all the territory that Rome had ever ruled • After his death the lands were taken back

14. Simplifying the laws • Justinian: group of scholars to organize the laws • If laws contradicted each other, which do we follow? • “Code of Justinian” • Decided legal questions in all areas • Marriage, property, justice, etc. • basis of law in the Eastern Roman empire for 900 years

15. Building Program: Glorifying Constantinople • Larger building program than any other Emperor • Walls for protection • Marketplace for trade • Courts, schools, hospitals

16. Hagia Sophia • Crowning glory of Justinian’s reign

20. Hippodrome • Hippodrome – like Rome’s Coliseum for main events • where gladiator fights & chariot races were held

22. Legacy of the Byzantine Empire • Modern world owes the Byzantines a huge debt? • They preserved Greek and Roman culture • Greco-Roman culture • HOW? • Valued education & Classical Learning • Greek and Roman • Grammar • Literature • Philosophy • Studied Homer • Geometry from Euclid • History from Herodotus • Medicine from Galen

23. The End of the Byzantine Empire • Plague strikes the empire • 1453: Byzantine empire drew to a close • Muslim Ottoman Empire forces, conquered Constantinople.

24. The Great Schism • What is it? • separation b/w 2 great branches of Christianity • East • Eastern Orthodox Church • West • Roman Catholic

25. The Church Divides • The Western & Eastern Empires develop differently • Due to lack of contact • Differences grew • East was more oriented towards Asia and Northeastern Europe • Differences • Language • Marriage of priests • Leader • Icons

26. Differences • Language • East – Greek • West – Latin • Marriage • East – allowed priests to marry • West – not allowed

27. Differences - Leader East: Constantinople • church was headed by the Patriarch • spiritual leader • Patriarch was an equal to the political leaders West: Rome • church was headed by the Pope • Spiritual leader • control over the political leaders • Compare and contrast the leaders in 1-2 sentences: • Both are leaders of their church. Pope in Rome also had control over the political leaders.

28. Differences - Icons • Icons – small art objects that depict a holy figure East West Opponents to icons felt that they violated the ten commandments In A.D. 726 Emperor Leo III ordered that all icons be destroyed. • felt that these icons represented the sacred • important part of their worship.

29. End Result: The Split • A.D. 1054 the division of the church • the two churches were functioning as separate organizations. • A conflict about the ICONS was the last straw. • The Pope and leaders in the East excommunicated each other • Both churches claimed to have the authority of God behind them • The church in the West became the Holy Roman Catholic Church • The East became the Eastern Orthodox Church.

30. To Do • Reading: Secret History • Answer questions

31. Bell Work • Secret History • Go over answers

32. To Do • Video: Justinian • Ancient Rome Volume IV (start 27 minutes in) • Justinian’s Head • Finish for Homework

33. Bell Work • Read: Pope Urban’s speech • Answer the questions

34. The Crusades

35. Objectives • List and evaluate the causes and consequences of the Crusades • Papal power, connections between east and west

36. What were they? • What are the Crusades? • Holy War • Pope Urban II • responded to the request of Alexius I to take back the holy land from the Muslims • called for crusades against infidels • Infidels were the non believers = Muslims, Jews • Goal: • To regain the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslims

37. Pope’s Goal • Reunite the Byzantine & Roman Christians • Wanted to be the head of all Christians • Reclaim Palestine (Holy Land) • leader of all of Christendom

38. Knight’s Goal • forgiveness of sins • Win glory in battle • Hero • adventure • Position in society • land • riches

39. Merchant’s Goal • Wanted to control trade routes b/w Asia &Europe • Make money off the crusaders • Loans to fund crusades • Charge for travel & suplies

40. To Do • Crusades Reading • Fill out 5 W’s and How

41. Bell Work • Pair Share Crusades worksheet

42. The 1st Crusade • Crusaders were well prepared for war • Unprepared for what? • the desert (to Jerusalem) • For 2 years they suffered, but they were lucky • Muslims were fighting among themselves • Outcome • Finally captured Jerusalem • Slaughtered the Muslims • 1120’s, Muslims began to strike back which led to another Crusade

43. The 2nd Crusade • 2nd Crusade was a total failure • 1187, Jerusalem fell to Saladin • Sultan of Egypt & Syria • 3 important rulers then agreed to begin a third Crusade

44. The 3rd Crusade • Called: The Kings’ Crusade • (3 kings at the start) • French King Philip Augustus • Caught a fever and went home • German Emperor Fredrick I (Barbarossa) • Fell from his horse in a river and drowned • English King Richard (the Lionheart) • Only one that continued • Found Saladin, Muslim ruler, to be chivalrous • Outcome • Agreed to a 3 year truce • Richard I negotiated a settlement with Saladin • Muslims controlled Jerusalem, but Christians could visit

45. The 6th Crusade • Most successful of the later crusades • Fredrick II met with Saladin’s nephew • Negotiated a treaty • The pope was not pleased • Said it was a pact with the devil • Excommunicated Fredrick • The Holy Land fell to the Muslims

46. Effects of the Crusades • Who sent all of the knights on the Crusades? • What was the goal of the crusades? • Were the Crusades successful? • Who looks bad? • What does this mean? • Decline in Pope’s power

47. Effects of the Crusades • What was the goal of the crusades? • Who did the crusaders have to kill? • Why did they kill the Muslims? For how long? • What is this going to lead to? • Increase in religious intolerance

48. Effects of the Crusades • Where did the European crusaders travel to during the crusades? • Who lived in this area? • What would be different in this area than in Europe? • What would happen then when these people went back to Europe? • What does this mean? • Increase in trade

49. Effects of the Crusades • In the first crusades what town did all of the knights go through? • We talked about the main contribution of this empire, what was it? • What would be effect of thousands of people going through a city were everything is a copy of Rome? • Revival of Greek and Roman ideas

50. To Do • In Class: • Crusades Video • Homework: • Review for Review Day - Monday • Test Tuesday