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Popular Music of Brazil: Samba

Popular Music of Brazil: Samba Samba “ Tudo acaba em samba ” Afro-Brazilian urban popular song/dance form Origins in rural roda de samba: Participatory Accompanied by improvised songs and percussion instruments

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Popular Music of Brazil: Samba

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  1. Popular Music of Brazil: Samba

  2. Samba“Tudo acaba em samba” • Afro-Brazilian urban popular song/dance form • Origins in rural roda de samba: • Participatory • Accompanied by improvised songs and percussion instruments • Style: syncopated, call and response vocals, open-ended forms, musical interlock, diatonic melodies

  3. Types of Samba • Carnival samba (e.g. samba batucada and samba enredo) • Characterized by heavy percussion, songs about themes presented in Carnival • (Year-round) samba • Characterized by light percussion and plucked string accompaniment (guitar, cavaquinho) • Songs often satiric, witty, improvised

  4. Musical Characteristics • 2/4 time, emphasis on second beat (as played by surdo drums) • Other percussion plays interlocking, syncopated lines • Songs are strophic; major or minor keys; usually easy to sing • Chords limited to triads or seven chords

  5. Carnival Samba • Arose in Rio de Janeiro, early 1900s • Part of pre-Lenten festivities (called “Carnival:)” • Associated in past with poor Afro-Brazilians; “street music” vs. music of the salon

  6. Carnival • Escolas de samba: large musical organizations, includes percussionists, singers, dancers, samba composers, choreographers, designers • Determine theme, compose song, design float and costumes • Compete during parade

  7. Carnival and the State • Before 1930, Afro-Brazilian instruments (drums; pandeiro) and cultural practices (e.g. candomble; capoeira) were banned. • 1930 – dictator Getulio Vargas begins subsidizing samba schools (approx. 15) in exchange for cooperation with gov’t • Samba schools have made Carnival in Rio a major tourist attraction

  8. Escolas de Samba • Mangueira (1929; colors: pink and green) • Portela (1935; colors: blue and white)

  9. Samba Batucada • Instruments of the Batería: • Surdo drums (basic pulse in 2 divided among three sizes of surdo) • Pandeiro (sixteenth-note division) • Cuíca (accents) • Tamborim (syncopation) • Caíxa (snare drum)

  10. Samba Batucada Rhythms

  11. Samba Songs • Upbeat songs, in 2/4 with light percussion (pandeiro; tamborim; cuica) • Emphasis on voice • Lyrics are about samba; love; sometimes social commentary • Carmen Miranda (1909-1955); film and recording star; introduced Brazilian music to world

  12. Samba de Morro • Also called “roots samba” to distinguish it from commercialized samba • Sung by “sambistas”(singer/ composer of samba) • Instruments: guitar, pandeiro, tamborim, surdo, cavaquinho Ismael Silva Nelson Sargento

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