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THE HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Explore the intricate workings of the alimentary canal, from mechanical and chemical digestion in the mouth to nutrient absorption in the small intestine and waste elimination through the rectum and anus.

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THE HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

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  1. THE HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

  2. Alimentary Canal • Tube through which food is processed in the body. It extends from the mouth through the anus

  3. Mechanical Digestion Large food particles broken down into smaller pieces of the same substance Physical change Mouth  Teeth Chemical Digestion Food changes into a form the body can use NOT the same substance after it is broken down Chemical change Mouth  Saliva Types of Digestion

  4. 1. Mouth • Mechanical and Chemical Digestion • Teeth = mechanical (tearing / chewing) • Tongue = mechanical (mix food w/ saliva) • Salivary Glands = chemical (amylase = enzyme breaks down carbs)

  5. Salivary Glands

  6. 2. Pharynx Two tubes: Esophagus leads to stomach (digestion) Trachea leads to lungs (respiratory) Epiglottis prevent food from going into lungs

  7. 3. Esophagus Muscular tube that squeezes food from the mouth to the stomach Peristalsisis the contraction that helps move food to the stomach

  8. 4. Stomach • Mechanical Digestion = churning motion stirs food called chyme (softened digested food) • Chemical Digestion = hydrochloric acid, gastric juices, and pepsin (enzyme breaks down protein)

  9. 5. Small Intestine • Chemical Digestion = bile (emulsify fats) • Absorption = villi increase surface area

  10. Villi in the small intestine! • Finger-like protrusions from the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the blood

  11. 6. Large Intestine AKA: the Colon • Absorb water • Forms feces

  12. 7. Rectum and Anus • Rectum stores feces until they are excretedthrough the anus

  13. Pancreas

  14. Pancreas • Secretes insulin(controls blood glucose) • Pancreatic Juices = neutralize food

  15. Liver

  16. Liver and Gallbladder • Liver = makes bile • Gallbladder = stores bile and empties itinto the small intestine

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