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The Human Digestive System

The Human Digestive System. By: Peter Yoon, Neil Singh, Aamir Kothari, Lu Shi. Parts of the Digestive System. MR. DAVIS IS THE GREATEST TEACHER!. (continue on next page). Mouth. The intake of food The beginning of mechanical digestion Swallowing. Salivary Glands.

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The Human Digestive System

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  1. The Human Digestive System By: Peter Yoon, Neil Singh, Aamir Kothari, Lu Shi

  2. Parts of the Digestive System MR. DAVIS IS THE GREATEST TEACHER!

  3. (continue on next page)

  4. Mouth • The intake of food • The beginning of mechanical digestion • Swallowing

  5. Salivary Glands • Two basic types of acinar epithelial cells exist: • serous cells • mucous cells

  6. Saliva • Produced in and secreted from salivary glands • Secretion is under control of the autonomic nervous system • Functions: • Lubrication and binding • Initiates starch digestion • Excessive salivation

  7. Esophagus • Muscle that connects mouth to the stomach. • Moves liquid/solids for digestion • Uses gravity and intricate muscular motion called peristalsis

  8. Stomach • Located under diaphragm • Cardiac sphincter is ring of muscle that prevents food from reentering esophagus • Very Acidic, low pH (1-3)

  9. Liver • Largest gland in the body • Secretes bile and forms carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

  10. Gallbladder • Located under the liver • Storage area for bile which is produced by the liver • Stores bile until needed • Bile– Bitter, brownish-yellow, or greenish-yellow fluid. Aids in digestion and absorption of fasts.

  11. Pancreas • Secretes pancreatic juice (insulin, glucagons) into ducts and hormones into bloodstream

  12. Small Intestine • Where digestion is completed and nutrients are absorbed by the blood • Neutral range of pH (5-8)

  13. Villis • Cover the small intestine • Extends about 1mm into lumen

  14. Villis (continuous)

  15. Large Intestine • Large amounts of water and salts are reabsorbed back into the blood

  16. Rectum • Terminal part of the large intestine

  17. Digestive tube • From the mouth to the anus • Four basic layers or tunics

  18. Functions of the System

  19. Digestion Process • Mechanical • chewing – mouth • churning – stomach • intestinal peristaltic action – intestine • Chemical

  20. Chemical Reactions • There are three chemical reactions take place • Carbohydrate – simple sugar (as glucose) • Protein – Amino acid (as alanine) • Fats – fatty acid and glycerol

  21. STS

  22. Food Irradiation Process: Food irradiation is the process of using radiation on food to kill micro organisms and bacteria. Pros: • Kills many insects and pests that infest food. • Food can be stored longer • Sterilise a food making it fit to eat for vulnerable patients in hospitals. (Continue on next page)

  23. Food Irradiation (continuous) Cons: • Can only be used on a very limited range of foods • Expensive technology • Ineffective against viruses • Vitamin E levels can be reduced by 25% Vitamin C levels can be reduced by 5-10%

  24. Technology

  25. M2A • M2A is a capsule that contains a video camera, battery, light, transmitter, and antenna • Takes pictures every second

  26. CDT Nutrient Delivery • Controlled Delivery Technology • Right amount to the right place

  27. Problems and Diseases

  28. Intestinal • Appendicitis (large intestine) – inflammation of a appendix which is on right side of intestine. • Treatment: removal of appendix • Celiac Disease (small intestine) – damages small intestine and interferes with absorption of nutrient from food. • Treatment: follow a gluten-free-diet • Diarrhea – loose, watery stools occurring more than 3 times a week • Constipation - person has 3 bowel movements or less in a week • Treatment: drink more water and exercise

  29. Anorectal • Hemorrhoids – swollen but normally present blood vessels around anus and lower rectum. • Treatment: • warm baths several times a day • ice packs 2 reduce swelling • cream on affected area

  30. Esophagus • Gastroephageal Reflux Disease (GERD) – happens when exposure of esophagus mucus to stomach contents is more than normal. Results in often heartburn. • Treatment: Consult your family phys • Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome – childhood disorder, where there is much vomiting that last few hours to several months. • Treatment: Drugs that will prevent vomiting episode, session, or relieve symptoms

  31. Gallbladder • Gallstones – hard solid matter in the gallbladder that form when components of bile form crystals, either cholesterol of bilirubin. • Treatment: Surgical removal of gallbladder gallstones

  32. Liver • Wilson’s Disease – causes toxic concentrations of copper to accumulate in liver and brain. Liver does not let out proper amount of copper in each diet. *ALWAYS FATAL • Treatment: Liver transplant, penicillamin and zinc accetatc • Alagille Syndrome – An autonomic disorder; results in hepatic and cardiac abnormalities

  33. Animation Digestion

  34. Bibliography Bellenir, Karen. Digestive Diseases and Disorders Sourcebook. Michigan: Omnigraphics Inc., 2000. Frost, Helen. The Digestive System. Minnesota: Pebble Books,2001. Patel, Nalin M. The Doctor’s Guide to Your Digestive System. Illinois: N.M.P. Publications, 1988. Stille, Darlene R. The Digestive System. New York: Children Press, 1997. “Get Healthy Again.” Enzymes Key To Digestive System. 2000. http://www.gethealthyagain.com/enzymes.html (4 June 2001) GRADE A+ PRESENTATION

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