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Freight Data and Decision-Making Tools

Freight Data and Decision-Making Tools. Talking Freight Seminar Series September 17, 2003. Felix Ammah-Tagoe, Ph.D. Senior Research Consultant Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Outline. Overview of Freight Data and Analysis Updates of Existing Surveys and Data Programs

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Freight Data and Decision-Making Tools

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  1. Freight Data and Decision-Making Tools Talking Freight Seminar Series September 17, 2003 Felix Ammah-Tagoe, Ph.D. Senior Research Consultant Bureau of Transportation Statistics Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  2. Outline • Overview of Freight Data and Analysis • Updates of Existing Surveys and Data Programs • GeoFreight – The Intermodal Freight Display Tool Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  3. Overview of Freight Data and Analysis • Domestic • International Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  4. Overview of Key Freight Issues • Domestic freight is increasing significantly and planning for future changes in demand a priority • Freight traffic expected to continue to grow from both domestic activity and international trade • Freight related safety concerns are growing • Heightened security concerns and new requirements will impact freight flows Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  5. Overview of Key Freight Issues • Near real-time freight traffic data for • Freight operations • Security operations at state and sub-state levels • More timely data for market share analysis Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  6. Brief Analytical Trends • Overall Growth • Factors of growth • Modal Shares Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  7. Domestic Ton-Miles, Gross Domestic Product, and Resident Population Real GDP Ton-miles Ton-miles per capita Population Ton-miles per dollar of GDP Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  8. Growth in Domestic Freight Ton-Miles(Index 1975=1.0) Air carrier Intercity truck Class I rail Water Pipeline Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  9. Modal Shares of U.S. Freight Shipments Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  10. Change in Value of U.S. Freight Shipments by Mode Source: CFS data only. Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  11. Share of Domestic & International Freight(16 billion tons, $10 trillion ) • Over 16 billion tons of freight move on the nation’s freight system • Domestic accounts for 90 percent of tonnage and 82 percent of value Source: USDOT BTS, U.S. International Trade and Freight Transportation Trends, 2003. Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  12. BTS Domestic Freight Data Sources Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  13. BTS Freight Data Sources • Surveys • Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) • American Freight Survey (AFS) initiative • Administrative Data • Trade and Transportation data • Waterborne Commerce Statistics • Expanded access to PIERS data • Carrier Reporting • Motor Carrier Financial & Operating Data • Office of Airline Information Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  14. BTS Freight Data Sources • CFS: Status • 1993, 1997, 2002 (CTS before these) • Conducted by BTS through the Census Bureau • Provides data on how much freight moves by ALL modes of freight transportation in the United States, including multimodal Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  15. BTS Freight Data Sources • CFS: Uses and Relevance • Data on private and for-hire trucking for both intercity and local shipments. • The primary source of nationwide data on the flow of goods, the geography of the movements, and the distance of shipments. • CFS Data used to assess and analyze regional flow density, capacity, congestion, and hazardous material movements. Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  16. BTS Freight Data Sources • CFS 2002: Scope and Coverage • 50K establishments out of 800K • 2002 CFS same industry coverage as previous surveys (manufacturing, mining, wholesale, and selected retail businesses) • Data on commodities shipped, their value, weight, and mode of transportation, as well as the origins and destinations of shipments Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  17. U.S. Government (Federal, State, and Local) U.S. Households U.S. Mail Mining Manufacturing Agric (farms&fishery) Exports Imports Wholesale Retail Services Construction U.S. affiliates of foreign firms in the U.S. Major Flow in CFS Major Flow not in CFS Minor Flow in CFS Minor Flow not in CFS Landbridge traffic Universe of Freight Flows by Sector

  18. BTS Freight Data Sources • CFS 2002: Timeline and Products • Data collection: ____ Calendar year 2002 • Data processing: ___ Ongoing as collection • Analysis: _________ Calendar year 2003 • Preliminary results: _ December 2003 • Final products: ____December 2004 • Geographic: ______ National level data, States and selectedMetropolitan Areas Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  19. BTS Freight Data Sources • Though the CFS is the most comprehensive national and state level data currently available, it is done every five years as part of the Economic Census • Desirable geographic detail not supported by sample design and size • Coverage excludes key freight sectors • Also excludes transportation costs, travel times, and other freight-related variables Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  20. BTS Freight Data Sources • Major gaps in knowledge SOURCE: BTS TSAR 2000 Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  21. CFS: Policy Relevance National Level • Benchmark and trend data for supply and demand of freight movements • Relative roles of each mode, and intermodal movements • Evaluating capacity of system to serve freight demand • Basis for forecasts of freight growth • Identifying infrastructure bottlenecks Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  22. CFS: Policy Relevance State and Local • Planners, engineers, and executives • Forecasting of transportation needs • Assessment of facility investment requirements • However, national-level data difficult to use for state and local planning • Geographically-specific domestic freight data by mode Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  23. CFS: Policy Relevance Greater geographic detail • Corridor level demand and use • State and local transportation of international trade • Trade related data by industry groups not only by commodity groups Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  24. CFS: Business Relevance More timely • Market segments – demand & supply • Specific modal and commodity detail • Performance rates – revenue/costs per ton-mile • Real-time and near-real-time data Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  25. State & Local Freight Data Needs • Detail public-use flow data • Through traffic – to, from, within state, and county-to-county • Flows for destinations by mode and commodity for local areas beyond top MAs • Domestic movements of international trade Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  26. Options for Meeting State and Local Needs • Add-on questions to future national freight program to provide more detail at state and local level • Continuous measurement • Assisting state and local data users with tools, such as FAF and GeoFreight • Designing consistent freight data collection template for possible use at local level Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  27. Today’s Options on Changing Sources of Freight Data • Beyond surveys? • costs, burden, timeliness • Data-driven models • Information from service providers • Canadian prototype • Administrative information from traffic control and management systems? Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  28. CFS: Data Accessibility • Confidentiality requirements has limited access and use • Sample size reductions directly impacted geographic specificity • Accessing and retrieving publicly available data needs improvement Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  29. Back to Relevance • Need for collected data to keep track of and keep up with major changes, including: • Overall growth in freight activity • Impacts on system capacity, bottlenecks, and congestion • Infrastructure use • Changes in logistical and routing patterns • Overall performance of freight system Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  30. Freight Data: Looking Forward • Beyond the 2002 CFS Survey • BTS is looking beyond the 2002 CFS survey and embracing the opportunity to provide improved data to the users • Data that fills the data gaps and better measures changing freight trends • Corridor level data that can be used to obtain estimates for individual ports and intermodal terminals Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  31. Domestic Freight Data: Beyond the CFS • American Freight Survey • Freight data users are calling for an expanded and more timely freight survey • Expanded industry coverage • Better geographic detail • Detailed micro-data for corridor-level analysis • Public-use data that meets sound disclosure requirements Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  32. U.S. International Trade & Transportation Data Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  33. U.S. International Trade & Transportation: Trade Data • Multimodal Trade and Transportation Data • Overall statistics: U.S. Census Bureau • Maritime: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Maritime Administration • Air: U.S. Census Special Tabulations • Land: Bureau of Transportation Statistics • “Transborder Surface Freight Data” • Available since 1993; Monthly and Annual Data • “Border Crossing and Entry Data” Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  34. U.S. International Trade & Transportation: Transborder Surface Freight Data • Data Elements: • Method of Transportation • Weight (Imports only) • Value • Commodity Classification (2-digit HS) • State and Province in US, Canada and Mexico • Port of Entry or Exit • Freight Charges • Container Code Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  35. U.S. International Trade & Transportation: Data Issues • Trade data • Weight data--various issues • Method of Transportation only at port of entry/exit (no multimodal data) • Method of Transportation definitions and time series gaps • Under-representation of air shipments • Concerns about port definitions (Customs ports vs. physical infrastructure) • Concerns about origins and destinations • Accuracy (physical flows vs. “administrative” flows) • Lack of metropolitan area level o/d data Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  36. U.S. International Trade & Transportation: Critical Questions • What is the magnitude of U.S. international trade, and what are the modal roles? How has this changed over time and why? • What are the geographic patterns of U.S. international trade, and what factors influence these? • How does the U.S. transportation sector impact international trade, and how is it, in turn, impacted by trade? Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  37. U.S. International Trade & Transportation: Critical Questions • Which are the key gateways and corridors servicing U.S. international trade flows, and how does trade impact them? • Infrastructure, capacity, institutional and security issues • How will already changing trade relationships and the new security environment affect trade levels, partners, the transport sector, and key gateways and corridors? Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  38. Analytical Projects: Major Interpretive Reports • U.S. International Trade and Freight Transportation Trends Report • Importance of U.S. International Freight in U.S. Economy • Trends and Shifts in U.S. International Freight: 1990-2002 • Trends in U.S. International Trade in Transportation-Related Goods • Trends in U.S. International Transportation Services Trade Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  39. U.S. International Trade and Freight Transportation Trends • 2002 held steady, while exports declined Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  40. U.S. International Trade and Freight Transportation Trends Report • Importance of Trade in U.S. Economy • Substantial Growth in Value of U.S. International Merchandise Trade over Three Decades Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  41. U.S. International Trade and Freight Transportation Trends Report • Trade growth impacts U.S. transportation networks and facilities • Movement of international freight contributes to highway congestion, environmental challenges, and safety concerns • Managing and maintaining transportation infrastructure (major gateways and corridors) require large sums of public investment Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  42. U.S. International Trade and Freight Transportation Trends Report • Shifts in Direction of Trade • Over 75 percent of value of U.S. trade with 15 countries • Nearly one-third with Canada and Mexico • Rising importance of Mexico (2nd ranked) and China (4th ranked) Top 25 U.S. International Merchandise Trade Partners by Value: 1970 - 2001(million current $) Rank 1970Rank 1980Rank 1990Rank 2001Country Total 2001 1111Canada380,693 5332Mexico232,942 2223Japan184,241 24104China 1121,515 3445Germany 289,265 4556U.K.82,195 171377South Korea57,381 15968Taiwan51,543 7789France50,191 611910Italy33,740 Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  43. U.S. International Trade and Freight Transportation Trends Report • Modal Shares by Value and Weight • Over 1.6 billion tons moved in 2001, up 5 percent from 1997 • Maritime leads by weight (78 percent) and value (38 percent) • Air accounted for 28 percent of the value and trucks had 21 percent and 11 percent of the tonnage Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  44. Multimodal Gateways • Substantial domestic transportation activity is needed to move goods to and from U.S. air, land, and sea ports • The nation’s top gateways represent all freight modes • New York’s JFK was the top gateway overall by value • JFK was followed by Port of LA-Long Beach, Detroit border port, and Port of New York-New Jersey Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  45. GeoFreight The Intermodal Freight Display Tool Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  46. Bureauof Transportation Statistics Federal Highway Administration Office of Intermodalism, USDOT Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  47. Background • GeoFreight is a geographic information and decision support system • An intermodal freight planning and policymaking tool • The enhanced version of the Intermodal Bottleneck Evaluation Tool (IBET) • Created by USDOT agencies: • Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) • Office of Intermodalism, Office of the Secretary of Transportation (OST) • Office of Freight Management and Operations, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  48. The GeoFreight System • Helps policymakers and decisionmakers identify current and potential major freight bottlenecks • Uses a routing model to assign data on freight flows to various transportation network • Displays relationships between freight movements and transportation infrastructure, traffic and delays • Identifies the flows of domestic and international freight across the nation Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  49. GeoFreight Can Be Used To • Display information on freight traffic flows by various modes (highway, rail, and water) • Examine freight activity at key access points (highway-seaport, highway-airport, and highway-rail terminal) • Analyze origins and destinations of freight movements on the highway, rail, and maritime networks Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

  50. Freight Movements on Highway: 1998 Bureau of Transportation Statistics: www.bts.gov

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