Planning, Writing, and Revising

2. To learn how to Increase the number of expert processes you use. Use your time effectively. Revise after feedback. Planning, Writing, and Revising

3. Start by answering these questions: Does it matter what process I use? I don’t have much time. How should I use it? What planning should I do before I begin writing or speaking? What is revision? How do I do it? Planning, Writing, and Revising

4. Start by answering these questions: What is revision? How do I do it? Can a grammar checker do editing for me? I spell check. Do I still need to proofread? How can I overcome writer’s block? Can I use form letters? How can I get better feedback? Planning, Writing, and Revising

5. Activities of Writing • Skilled performances look easy and effortless. In reality, as every dancer, musician, and athlete knows, they’re the product of hard work, hours of practice, attention to detail, and intense concentration. • Like all skilled performances, writing rests on a base of work. • writing process demands the highest-level thinking skills, including analysis, problem solving, organization, critical thinking, and synthesis, among others.

6. Activities of Writing • Planning • Gathering • Writing • Evaluating • Getting Feedback • Revising • Editing • Proofreading

7. Activities of Writing • Planning: Analyzing the problem • Gathering the needed information • Writing words on suitable media • Evaluating and measuring your work against your goals. (re-seeing your draft as if someone else had written it)

8. Activities of Writing • Getting Feedback from someone else • Revising the whole writing (change word, section) • Editing (correct spelling?) • Proofreading (free from typographical errors) (تصحيح من الأخطاء المطبعية)

10. Points about Activities of Writing • Depending on the task, expert writers may use some or all of these activities when writing • Can come in any order (planning, writing, gathering, ..etc) • An activity can be done several times. (get feedback and revise several times) • Can be started while others are still being done.

11. Using expert processes will improve your writing. writers can improve their writing by studying their own processes. expert writers seem to use different processes than novice (مبتدىء) writers Does it matter what process I use?

12. A Model for Writing ONE THIRD analyzing, gathering, and organizing what you have to say. ONE THIRD drafting/writing. ONE THIRD evaluating, revising, editing, and proofreading. A Formula for Using Time

13. Planning • Answer the PAIBOC questions • Gather information • Organize the message • The better your ideas are when you start, the fewer drafts you'll need. • If ideas won't come, try the following techniques:

14. Planning • Brainstorm: Think of all the ideas you can, without judging them. • Freewrite: Make yourself write, without stopping, for 10 minutes, then read what you've written and identify the best point in the draft.

15. Cluster • Cluster: Write your topic in the middle of the page and circle it. • Write down the ideas the topic suggests, circling them, too. • When you've filled the page, look for patterns or repeated ideas. • See Figure 4.2. Next slide

17. Post-Writing Activities • Revising:making changes that will better satisfy your purposes and your audiences includes: evaluating, Getting feedback, adding, deleting, substituting, or rearranging. • Editing:making changes that make the document grammatically correct. • Proofreading: means checking to make sure the document is free of typos.

18. Checklist for Thorough Revision Content and Clarity • Does your document meet the needs of the reader? • Have you given readers all the information they need to understand and act on your message? • Is all the information accurate? • Is each sentence clear? Is the message free from contradictory statements?

19. Checklist for Thorough Revisioncontinued Organization and Layout • Does the design of the document make it easy for readers to find the information they need? • Are transitions between ideas smooth? Do ideas within paragraphs flow smoothly? • Are the important points emphasized? • Are the first and last paragraphs effective?

20. Checklist for Thorough Revision continued Style and Tone • Is the message easy to read? • Is the message friendly and free from biased language? • Does the message build goodwill?

22. grammar checker • Can a grammar checker do my editing for me? NO • Grammar checkers are good at finding missing halves. • You still need to know the rules (You need to know the rules of grammar and punctuation to edit) so that you can decide which changes to make.

23. I spell check. Do I still need to proofread? • Yes. • Proofreading is hard because writers tend to see what they know should be there rather than what really is there. • you may want to swap papers with a proofing buddy (Be sure the person looks for typos, not for content).

24. How can I get better feedback? • To improve the quality of the feedback you get, tell people which aspects you'd especially like comments about. • It's easy to feel defensive when someone criticizes your work. • If the feedback stings, put it aside until you can read it without feeling defensive. • Even if you think that the reader has misunderstood what you were trying to say, the fact that the reader complained means the section could be improved.

25. Revising After Feedback • When you get feedback that you understand and agree with, make the change. • If you get feedback you don’t understand, ask for clarification.

26. Revising After Feedback continued • When you get feedback that you don’t agree with, • If it’s an issue of grammatical correctness, check this book. • If it’s a matter of content, recognize that something about the draft isn’t as good as it could be. • If the reader thinks a fact is wrong (and you know it’s right), show where the fact came from. • If the reader suggests a change in wording you don’t like, try another option. • If the reader seems to have misunderstood or misread the text, think about ways to make the meaning clearer.

27. Unit One End of Module 4