litho / lith means “stone or rock.”

1. Page 2-22 litho / lith means “stone or rock.” 1. The Stone Age was the time in the Earth’s history when early human beings evolved and first used stone tools. It is divided into four stages, all of which contain the suffix lithic meaning ”stone” and all referring to the Stone Age. Write the names of the four stages using the clues given here.

2. Page 2-22 Meaning Prefix lithic word First Stone Age proto __________ Ancient Stone Age paleo __________ Middle Stone Age meso __________ Recent Stone Age neo __________ protolithic paleolithic mesolithic neolithic 2. Predict the definition of the word lithosphere _____________________________________ The outer part of the Earth, consisting of the crust and the upper mantle. (about 62 miles thick)

3. Page 2-22 3. Lithograph means “to print by drawing on stone. Write a sentence using the word as the listed part of speech. lithograph (n) lithograph (v) lithographer (n) The archaeologist uncovered an old lithograph. She’s going to lithograph that drawing for her project. The artist was an experienced lithographer.

4. Page 2-23 The morpheme cide means “substance that kills.” When adding cide, an i is added to the ends of most root words not alreading ending in i. Example” herb+cide = herbicide

5. Page 2-23 cide 1. The word insecticide comes from the combination of two word parts; insect and cide. cide means “substance that kills.” Therefore, an insecticide is a substance that kills insects. Fill in the blanks with the correct cide word (Don’t forget to add the extra i). germicide A _____________kills germs. A _____________kills fungi. A _____________kills pests. An ____________kills algae. A _____________kills bacteria. fungicide pesticide algaecide bactericide

6. Page 2-23 cide Draw lines to match each cide word with its root word and meaning regicide L. homo, “man” vermicide L. herba, “plant” biocide L. rex, “king” homicide G. bios, “life” herbicide L. vermis, “worm”

7. Page 2-23 cide 3. The word genocide originates from the Greek word genos, which means “race (of people).” In your own words, write a definition of genocide and cite and example of it. Definition_______________________________________ _______________________________________ Example_______________________________________ the deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group Holocaust

8. Page 2-24 graph/gram means “written or drawn.” The following words belong to the gram family. Study the definitions, then write each word. These words contain morphemes that are taught on other pages of this workbook. A drawing of the waves of an earthquake_________________ Lines on paper that measure a heartbeat_________________ Written communication from a great distance______________ seismogram cardiogram telegram

9. Page 2-24 Graph/gram 2. Using the words in question 1, write the name of the device that makes each type of drawing. Use words in the graph family. What device measures earthquake activity?______________ What device draws heartbeat lines?_____________________ What device transfers words over great distances?__________ seismograph cardiograph telegraph

10. Page 2-24 Graph/gram 3.A “lie detector” machine makes many lines on a sheet of paper. What is its graph name?________________ 4. Write the name of the rock commonly used to make pencils. Hint: This rock was named for its ability to make marks._________________________________ 5. The morpheme crypto means “hidden.” What word means “a hidden or secret message?”_____________ polygraph graphite cryptogram

11. Page 2-25 Astro means “star-shaped or outer space” astrochemistry astrogeology The following terms are real words. Each is a branch of science, and all have one thing in common: They refer to outer space. Write each new word. On Earth it’s called The study of it in outer space is called chemistry_________________________________________ geology__________________________________________ physics__________________________________________ biology___________________________________________ astrophysics astrobiology

12. Page 2-25 Astro 2. Look up the word astronomy. What in its definition refers to outer space? It’s the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universeas a whole. 3. Look up the word astrology. What in its definition refers to outer space. It’s the study that attempts to interpret the influence that space has on our daily lives. 4. The word astrocyte literally translated means “star-shaped cell.”

13. Page 2-25 Astro 5. What is the correct astro word? Use the following definition as a clue. “A person trained to pilot, navigate, or otherwise participate in the flight of a spacecraft.” Literally, the word comes from astro and the Greek word nautes meaning “sailor.” This term literally means “sailor of the stars.” What is the word? 6.In Russia these people are called astronaut cosmonauts

14. The morpheme photo means “light.” Page 2-26 Page 2-26 1. Photosynthesis is a process that takes place in plant cells that contain a green chemical called chlorophyll. This chemical makes food for plants. The only things required for photosynthesis are light, carbon dioxide, and water. All life on Earth relies on this process, so without light from the sun, no life could exist. photo means _______________________________ synthesis means____________________________ chloro means_______________________________ light production of a substance green

15. Page 2-26 2. Predict the meaning of photosphere _____________________________ The surface layer of the sun. • The word voltaic means “producing an electric current.” Combine it with photo, making a word meaning “producing electric current using light.” • _____________________________________________________ photovoltaic

16. Page 2-26 4. Combine tele (“distant”) with photo to make the name of a camera lens that takes a picture of something in the distance. _____________________ telephoto 5. What does a photograph have to do with light? When you click a film camera, you have frozen a moment in time by recording the visible light reflected from the objects in the camera's field of view. In order to do that, the reflected light causes a chemical change to the photographic film inside the camera.

17. Inside a copier there is a special drum. The drum acts a lot like a balloon -- you can charge it with a form of static electricity. Inside the copier there is also a very fine black powder known as toner. The drum, charged with static electricity, can attract the toner particles. There are three things about the drum and the toner that let a copier perform its magic: The drum can be selectively charged, so that only parts of it attract toner. In a copier, you make an "image" -- in static electricity -- on the surface of the drum. Where the original sheet of paper is black, you create static electricity on the drum. Where it is white you do not. What you want is for the white areas of the original sheet of paper to NOT attract toner. The way this selectivity is accomplished in a copier is with light -- this is why it's called a photocopier! 6. Analyze the word photocopy and explain how we got that word, given its morphemes and its definition.