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Modern Middle East Conflict

Modern Middle East Conflict. Ms. Hunt RMS IB Middle School 2012-2013. Sources of Modern Middle East Conflict. Religious Differences Different religions Sunnis (leader is a member of the Muslim community) vs. Shia’s (Direct descendant of Muhammad) Ethnic Groups

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Modern Middle East Conflict

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  1. Modern Middle East Conflict Ms. Hunt RMS IB Middle School 2012-2013

  2. Sources of Modern Middle East Conflict • Religious Differences • Different religions • Sunnis (leader is a member of the Muslim community) vs. Shia’s (Direct descendant of Muhammad) • Ethnic Groups • Persians (Iran) vs. Arabs (Iraq) • Nationalism • Some ethnic groups wish for an independent nation instead of a multi-ethnic one • Kurds- mountain people from Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey (Multiple violent struggles for independence) • Fundamentalism • Belief in following your religion directly, as outline by holy text • Theocratic Government- religion based • Example- 1979,Shia leader Khomeini took over Iran, ended all westernization and instilled fundamentalist beliefs over the government and country

  3. Creation of Israel • Palestine- Arab region lived on by Jewish people for over 2000 years • Controlled by Great Britain, following WWII, Jewish refugees fled Europe for safety, many immigrated to Palestine • 1947- United Nations involved to end disagreement with traditional Arab population and recent Jewish immigrants • Result of UN Involvement- Palestine divides • Part 1 Arab • Part 2 Jewish • 1948- Israel becomes independent state for Jewish people (Gaza Strip and the West Bank) • Arab—Israeli Wars • Arab nations declared war, they did not agree with the creation of the Jewish state • Israel wins the first of multiple wars (1948, 1967, and 1973)

  4. Arab- Israeli Wars • Over 700,000 Palestinian Arab refugees fled to other countries during the wars • Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)- goal est. an independent Palestinian State • Throughout wars, constant shifts of territory between Israelis and Palestinians • Peace Attempts • 1979- Egypt makes peace with Israel • 1993- Palestinian and Israel peace agreement signed • PLO recognizes Israel as a state • Israel gave territory to the Palestinians

  5. Iran- Iraq War Root Causes of Conflict- • OPEC- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries • Made up of Arabian Peninsula countries who wished to control the global economy of oil prices and shipment, 1960 • Long lasting dispute over who controlled oil rich territory • Revolution in Iran- People upset with the Shah (king) • Looked to new leader- Khomeini (religious leader) • Shah overthrown • Changed to Islamic Conservative Laws Iran-Iraq War • 1980- Iraq invaded Iran (Led by Saddam Hussein) • 8 year war • Over 1 million people died • 1988- cease fire agreement signed (written by the United Nations) • No clear winner

  6. Persian Gulf War • 1990 Iraq invades Kuwait for the oil supply • Saddam Hussein (Iraq’s leader) led the invasion • United Nations- trade embargo to stop Iraq from profiting off of oil World Involvement • January 16th, 1991- multi- nation missile attack began on Iraq • US military titled the operation “Desert Storm” to help Kuwait • February 24th- Ground attack begins • Lasted 100 hours • Result- Iraq surrendered • Saddam’s forces left Kuwait • Both Iraq and Kuwait suffered much destruction from the attacks

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