Sustainable Development & Environment Dr. Emad Adly

1. Cairo UniversityFaculty of Economics & Political ScienceEuroMed- PhD Program Sustainable Development & EnvironmentDr. EmadAdly Sustainable Development in France: ICZM Presented by: MarwaMahgoub 2011

2. Contents • Introduction. • Historical background. • National Sustainable Development Strategy 2010-2013: • Challenges. • Facts & Targets. • ICZM: French Experience: • Facts. • Institutional arrangement. • Challenges. • Evaluation.

3. National Sustainable Development Strategy (NSDS)2010-2013 • Adopted on the 27th of July 2010 by the inter-ministerial committee for sustainable development. • NSDS provides a frame of reference and policy framework for all national, public and private stakeholders in the field of sustainable development. It offers a common architecture for all national public & private stakeholders to assist them in structuring their own SD programs. • It sets out the fundamental basis for sustainable development leading to a Green & Fair economy; Green Economy: It is that economy that adopts new lifestyle and new forms of organizations, production and consumption which preserve natural resources Quantitatively by more sparing use; and Qualitatively, by protecting environments and combating pollution. Fair Economy: Various economic, ecological and social crises have confirmed the urgency and the need for greater solidarity both on national and international levels, in order to reduce inequalities, fight unemployment, provide training, risk prevention, control of budgetary balances and governance. • Source:www.development-durable.gouv.fr/sndd.

4. Challenges NSDS is based on Nine strategic challenges, which are consistent with French national and European commitments. • Sustainable consumption & production. • A knowledge society based on information. • Governance. • Climate change & energy. • Sustainable transport & mobility. • Conservation & sustainable management of biodiversity & natural resources. • Public health, risk prevention & management. • Demography, immigration and social inclusion. • The international challenges of SD & the fight against global poverty.

5. 1. Sustainable consumption & production • Objectives in figures • By 2012, recycle 35% of household & assimilated waste; have 50% of farms committed to an environmental certification initiative; double sales volumes of ecolabled products. • By 2013, have 30% of farms with low energy dependency. • By 2018, reduce the use of pesticides containing worrying substances by 50%. Procedures • Simultaneous action on supply & demand and expanded information on the ecological and social qualities of products to change behaviors. • Make more sustainable products and services available to as many people as possible. • Support the green economy & business innovation. • Develop a more sustainable agri-food production.

6. 2. A knowledge society based on information • Objectives in figures • By 2013: • Increase the number of children and adolescents benefiting from education and cultural efforts by 20%- 25%. • Reduce the percentage of population which has never visited a cultural site by 25%. • By 2020 (In Europe): • Less than 10% of young people leaving school early. • 15% of adults on average taking part in lifelong training activities. Procedures • Adapt and reinforce training systems in the key areas of sustainable development. • Expand general public training for sustainable development. • Train public & private decision makers in challenges of SD. • Reduce early school-leaving

7. 3. Governance • Objectives in figures • Make the production of and access to information on sustainable development a priority. • Create 1000 local Agenda 21s by 2013 and achieve at least 250 local Agenda 21s labeled under the national system. • by 2013, achieve the criteria of the stability pact (public deficit less than 3% of GDP). • Involve stakeholders in the decision making process. Procedures • Encourage the appropriation of sustainable development objectives. • Develop local governance as close as possible to SD and regional issues. • Experiment with new paths. • Apply the duty of exemplarity of public players in the governance and working methods. • Get business involved. • Preserve the interests of future generations in managing public action.

8. 4. Climate change & energy Procedures • Promote & encourage more moderate behaviors and production methods. • Provide information to enlighten individual and collective choices. • Support innovation for growth moderate in energy & greenhouse gas emissions. • Adapt activities and territories to climate change. • Take into account the social consequences of our energy policies to avoid increasing inequalities. • Objectives in figures • 20% reduction in greenhouse gas in 2020. • Increase the proportion of renewable energies in the final energy bill by 23% in 2020. • In the overseas departments, achieve 50% renewable energies in 2020.

9. 5. Sustainable transport & mobility • Objectives in figures • By 2015, double the proportion of non-road haulage going to or coming from ports. • By 2020: • use 10% biofuels in petrol and diesel consumption . • lower the average emissions of new vehicles to 95g CO2/Km. • achieve 10% renewable energy in transport. Procedures • Promote more sustainable mobility practices for people and goods by encouraging neighborhood development. • Strengthen intermodal transport and develop alternatives to road & air transport. • Improve the energy efficiency of vehicles, reduce their emissions and promote alternative energies. • Ensure access to services and mobility for all throughout the territory.

10. 6. Conservation & sustainable management of the biodiversity and natural resources • Objectives in figures • By 2012, establishing a coherent network of protected marine areas for 10% of French territorial waters, then by 20% in 2020. • By 2015, achieve a good ecological state for 66% of bodies of water. • By 2015, create regional coherence schemes in coastal regions incorporating a coastal section. • By 2020-2030, protect 1/3 of French shores. Procedures • Know & understand biodiversity better; hare our knowledge better. • Assess the benefits and costs of preserving services rendered by nature. • Reduce the pressure on the ecosystems and natural resources. • Control the artificialization of spaces and the homogenization of landscapes.

11. 7. Public health, risk prevention and management • Objectives in figures • By 2012: • reduce the noise black spots most dangerous for health. • put together 2500 new natural risk prevention plans. • By 2013, reduce by 30% the emissions of fine particles in the air and reduce the emissions in the air and water of six toxic substances: mercury, arsenic, polycyclic, aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene, tetrachloroethylene and PCB/dioxins. Procedures • Keep the population in good health through prevention. • Maintain access to quality care for all. • Increase the ability to anticipate and watch over health risks. • Reduce the vulnerability to natural and technical risks.

12. 8. Demography, immigration and social inclusion • Objectives in figures • Include 6% disabled workers in businesses with more than twenty employees. • By 2012, reduce poverty in France by 1/3. • By 2020, renovate the 800 thousand council houses consuming the most energy. Procedures • Facilitate access, maintaining and return to employment of people who are and who risk being the most removed from it. • Reduce territorial inequalities whilst respecting diversity. • Anticipate the effects of demographic changes and develop intergenerational solidarity. • Encourage the integration, including cultural, of migrant workers and their families.

13. 9. International challenges of SD and world porverty • Objectives in figures • increase public development aid to 0.7% of GDP by 2015, against 0.39% in 2008. • Devote One billion euros to agriculture and food safety in Africa over 5 years. • Set aside, over 5 years, 2.5 billion euros to finance the African private sector. • Reinforce support for commercial aid (production and transport, infrastructure, technical assistance) by setting aside 250 million euros annually starting from 2010. Procedures • Promote the strengthening of global governance of SD in its three dimensions- Social, economic and environmental. • Contribute to food and energy safety. • Reinforce solidarity efforts in a logic of SD. • Combat climate change and its effects on population. • Promote the respect of human rights.

14. ICZM: French Experience • Facts • France is divided to 26 administrative regions, of which 15 are located along the sea. • 11 coastal regions border the Mediterranean Sea in the South East and the Atlantic Ocean in the West. • In addition, France has 4 overseas regions (Gaudeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana and the Reunion Island). • The total coastline of the mainland measures 8,245 km.

15. ICZM: French ExperienceMain Challenges • Flooding & erosion: • All French coastal regions are affected by erosion; a) Sandy coasts representing 30% of French coastline are the most exposed, b) in contrast, muddy coasts are generally advancing, and c) the majority of rocky shores are considered stable. • Along the sandy beaches, waves will get closer to the beach if the problem of erosion is not counteracted sufficiently. • Loss of coastal eco-systems: • In France, more than 20% of the land is located less than 250 meters away from coastlines. The majority of this land contains natural habitats such as wetlands, which are subject to Sea Level Rise.

16. ICZM: French ExperienceResponsibility & Financing Finance and maintenance costs are divided between National, Regional and private landowners. • At the national level: • The Ministry of Ecology, Energy, SD and Land Settlement is the authority responsible for coastal defense. • Conservatoire du littoral: a French coastal protection agency protecting threatened natural areas across the mainland regions.