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Priorities for NRET in New Zealand. Priorities for New and Renewable Energy Technologies in New Zealand. David F.S. Natusch EGNRET 25 Economy Report, Yang Ming Shan, 31 Oct -2 November, 2005. Priorities for NRET in New Zealand. Coverage Current Energy Situation Future Outlook
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Prioritiesfor NRET in New Zealand Priorities for New and Renewable Energy Technologies in New Zealand. David F.S. Natusch EGNRET 25 Economy Report, Yang Ming Shan, 31 Oct -2 November, 2005
Priorities for NRET in New Zealand • Coverage • Current Energy Situation • Future Outlook • The Way Ahead • The Place of NRET in New Zealand • The Role of Government • Key Points
Priorities for NRET in New Zealand Current Energy Situation • Primary Energy Supply,768 PJ • Domestic Energy Consumption,508 PJ • Electricity Supplied,41,500 GWh (5,800 MW) • Installed Capacity,6,300 MW • Petroleum,200 PJ • Natural Gas,150 PJ (- 22% this year!) • Electricity, 60 PJ, • Petrochemicals, 47 PJ • Industrial, Commercial, Residential, 43 PJ, • Coal,5 million tonnes/year, 110 PJ, • Geothermal,520 MW • Wind,350 MW
Priorities for NRET in New Zealand • Electricity Generation in New Zealand • Hydroelectricity 60% • Geothermal 9% • Wind 6% • Natural Gas 13% • Coal 12% • Other v. small • Currently about 75% from New and Renewables • But,This Distribution is Changing Rapidly
Priorities for NRET in New Zealand • Maui Gas Field is near Depletion • Replacement Options (200 PJ) • Petroleum Products, • Natural Gas, • LNG, • Coal/Lignite, • Hydro, • Geothermal, • Wind, • Biofuels - Ethanol from Agricultural Biomass, • - Methanol and Ethanol from Forest Biomass, • - Fats and Oils, • - Biogas, • Hydrogen/Fuel Cells, • Combination of the Above. • All have associated Shortcomings
Priorities for NRET in New Zealand • The Way Ahead • Options • LNG, Lignite and Wind are real options, • Gas exploration encouragement, • Impediments • Major Nimby & Banana constraints, • Lack of coordinated planning, • “The market will Decide”, • Government will Regulate. • NRET likely to Increase
Priorities for NRET in New Zealand • The Future Role of NRET • Commercially Proven in New Zealand • Hydro • Geothermal • Wind • Fastest Growing, • 2 new wind farms under approval (435 MW). • Biogas • Small scale, • Sewage and Landfill based. • All future development by the Private Sector
Priorities for NRET in New Zealand • The Future Role of NRET • NearCommercially Proven in New Zealand • Lignite • via Gasification, • Very Large (200-300 years supply) • Biodiesel • Technically Proven and Field Trialed, • Rapeseed Oil and Animal Tallow Esters. • All future development by the Private Sector
Priorities for NRET in New Zealand • The Future Role of NRET • Technically, but not yet Commercially, Proven • Agricultural Biomass • Sugar Beet and Maize, • - Ethanol/Gasoline Blends (E 2-5 and E 20), • - Ethanol (E 90). • Forest Biomass • Fermentation of Wood (Pinus Radiata, Eucalyptus), • - Ethanol/Gasoline Blends (E 2-5 and E 20), • - Ethanol (E 90), • - Biogas. • Wood Gasification (Pinus Radiata, Eucalyptus), • - Methanol/Gasoline Blends (M 2-3, M 15), • - Methanol (M 85),
Priorities for NRET in New Zealand • The Future Role of NRET • Research and Development Stage • Hydrogen • Coal, • Biomass • Water • Fuel Cells • Mainly System Integration • Limited Government and Private Sector Research
Priorities for NRET in New Zealand • The Future Role of NRET • Work on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells • Hydrogen • Research Projects 7 • Demonstration Projects 3 • Fuel Cells • Research Projects 3 • Demonstration Projects 1 • Number of Small R & D Projects
Priorities for NRET in New Zealand • The Future Role of NRET • Research on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in New Zealand • Hydrogen Production from New Zealand Coals, • Fuel Cell System Integration, • Grid Intergrative CHP Fuel Cell (1 kW), • Wind based RAPS Alkaline Fuel Cell (2 kW), • Both Government and Private Sector Research
Priorities for NRET in New Zealand • The Future Role of NRET • Demonstrations of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells • Hydrogen RAPS, Rural Community (2 kW), • Methanol Fuel Cell, Captive Power (2 kW), • Associated Carbon Dioxide Sequestration, • Water Electrolysis from Renewable Energy, • Photo Electrochemical Hydrogen Production, • Hydrogen Storage in Light Metal Hydrides, • Hydrogen Storage in “sponge” materials, • Thermo Chemical Hydrogen Production. • Both Government and Private Sector Demonstrations
Priorities for NRET in New Zealand • The Role of Government • Promote Investment in New Technology • Establish Regulations, Standards & Codes, • Establish the Institutional Infrastructure, • Create an Environment for Private Investment, • Establish long term Tax & Excise Duty Advantages, • Promote Public Awareness, • Engage with Industry in Promotion and Marketing, • Maintain a Long Term Commitment. • Government does not take a Leading Role
Priorities for NRET in New Zealand • Key Points • Already a high level of Renewable Energy, • Wind Energy is growing Rapidly, • Lignite Gasification potential very large, • Biomass options Technically proven, • Limited additional NRET options, • Private Sector has Choice of future Energy, • Government Role largely Regulatory, • Limited Current R & D in NRET .
Priorities for NRET in New Zealand • A Final Word • Fischer Tropsch GTL/CTL Technology is Coming of Age! • Economic at Current Oil Prices, • Premium Quality Products, • Brings Stranded Gas to Market • - 2,500 tcf Worldwide, 370 tcf in APEC • Well suited to Coal/Lignite Feedstock • Utilizes Existing Fuel Supply Infrastructure, • Environmentally Friendly, • Minimal (zero) Social Disruption • Gasoline and Diesel may well live on for a while!