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MRF workshop, Prague, Eli Beamlines 05.05.2014

Paul Scherrer Institut. Babak Kalantari (Controls). SwissFEL Timing System. MRF workshop, Prague, Eli Beamlines 05.05.2014. SwissFEL Machine. 1st phase 2013-16. 2 nd phase 2018-19?. Athos 0.7-7nm. Linear accelerators C-Band technology. user stations. Photocathode RF gun.

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MRF workshop, Prague, Eli Beamlines 05.05.2014

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  1. Paul Scherrer Institut Babak Kalantari (Controls) SwissFEL Timing System MRF workshop, Prague, Eli Beamlines 05.05.2014

  2. SwissFEL Machine 1st phase 2013-16 2nd phase 2018-19? Athos 0.7-7nm Linear accelerators C-Band technology user stations Photocathode RF gun 2.6-3.4 GeV Injector Linac 1 Linac 2 Linac 3 3.0-5.8 GeV BC1 0.38 GeV 3.0 GeV BC2 2.1 GeV Aramis 0.1-0.7 nm SwissFEL parameters Wavelength from 1 Å - 70 Å Photon energy 0.2-12 keV Pulse duration 1 fs - 20 fs e- Energy 5.8 GeV e- Bunch charge 10-200 pC Repetition rate 100 Hz Bunch per pulse single/double Bunch spacing 28ns 740m Babak Kalantari (PSI); MRF workshop, Prague, Eli Beamlines, 05.05.2014

  3. Timing Distribution Network Babak Kalantari (PSI); MRF workshop, Prague, Eli Beamlines, 05.05.2014

  4. SwissFEL Event System • Event clock 142.8 MHz, 7ns, (specifies delay and event positioning resolution) • Sequence trigger and (re)programming at 100 Hz • Fan-out/concentrator: 70 (full-duplex1-to-8 ; VME) • EVG: 1, • EVR: 150 VME, 90 PCIe, 20 PMC (or XMC) • Direct event stream 100 (decode event stream on custom H/W, i.e., embedded EVR) • Synchronized timestamping • Exploits synchronous data capability for real-time communication for • reliable distribution of machine parameters, e.g., pulse ID • reliable (and limited) distributed controls, e.g., synchronous DAQ Babak Kalantari (PSI); MRF workshop, Prague, Eli Beamlines, 05.05.2014

  5. Machine Operation (Timing view) Mixed of several repetition rates: • Master rate triggers (fixed 100Hz) some subsystems (of e.g., Laser, RF) require trigger at every pulse • Machine rate triggers (variable ≤ 100Hz, e.g., 50Hz) due to lack of performance, available power, radiation budget, etc. • Beam rate triggers (variable ≤ 100Hz, e.g., 10Hz, 1Hz, single-shot, …) every pulse in which beam is expected; intentionally reduced beam rate for machine protection or development, etc.; can include laser subsystems, diagnostic systems, etc. Babak Kalantari (PSI); MRF workshop, Prague, Eli Beamlines, 05.05.2014

  6. Machine Protection System (MPS) interface • Delay shift mechanism to generate beam blackout pulse with beam pulse without beam • TL in green is the trigger with normal delay; leads to beam generation (Beam Ok) • TL in red is the with shifted delay; leads to beam blackout (Beam Not ok) • shift of ~ 10 us to Gun RF; why delay shift? continues triggers maintain machine stability • Required actions: • Delay shift occurs immediately for selected triggers • Beam status has to be reliably distributed (Beam (Not) Ok) Babak Kalantari (PSI); MRF workshop, Prague, Eli Beamlines, 05.05.2014

  7. Machine timing operation modes • General timing question for every system at each (100Hz) pulse: • Should this system be triggered? determined by Event rate • Should the trigger delay be shifted? determined by MPS or user’s demand • What is beam status? whether or not beam will be produced • Combining (a) , (b) and (c) leads to several operation modes: • Why on-demandGun RF delay shift? machine conditioning without beam, e.g., startup • Why on-demandLaser delay shift? dark current measurement (without shutter control) Babak Kalantari (PSI); MRF workshop, Prague, Eli Beamlines, 05.05.2014

  8. Machine timing modes, cont’d Some consequence: • It must be possible to force on-demand shifted delay locally & individually per system • MPS alarm must override local demand of shifted delay • Beam status (signal/info) is a global machine status to be distributed reliably: • Known ahead of time if caused by on-demand shifted delay (easy) • Otherwise, unknown until MPS processing time is finished (difficult) Additional feature: • Emulation of MPS alarm internally in timing system (e.g., test or simulation purposes) Babak Kalantari (PSI); MRF workshop, Prague, Eli Beamlines, 05.05.2014

  9. Thanks! Babak Kalantari (PSI); MRF workshop, Prague, Eli Beamlines, 05.05.2014

  10. Short list of requirements Incomplete list; suggests some implementation ideas too • Event clock 142.8 MHz • Continuous drift compensation; long term drift < 0.7ns peak-peak • Delay shift mechanism (controlled by DBUS / events / both ??); must allow enable/disable and local/manual control • Sequence event masking (in/out) controlled int./ext. • Data buffer transmit upon int./ext. H/W trigger (in addition to S/W trigger) • Distribution (fan-out) monitoring (VME bus interface) • Upstream data (and event) broadcasting by EVG without S/W intervention • Stimulate delay shift mechanism at EVG internally in addition to external MPS alarm

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