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VCE Physical Education Unit 2 Revision. The Musculoskeletal System. Major bones Bone classification Major skeletal muscles Characteristics and functions of skeletal muscles Nerves and Muscles Skeletal muscle contraction. The Cardio-Respiratory System. Structure of heart
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VCE Physical EducationUnit 2 Revision MSC. James Stevens, 2008
The Musculoskeletal System • Major bones • Bone classification • Major skeletal muscles • Characteristics and functions of skeletal muscles • Nerves and Muscles • Skeletal muscle contraction MSC. James Stevens, 2008
The Cardio-Respiratory System • Structure of heart • Heart function – 2 circuits • Structure of lungs • Respiration and exercise - definitions • Mechanics of breathing • Gaseous exchange • Blood vessels • Blood flow around the body at rest and during exercise • Acute responses • Chronic responses MSC. James Stevens, 2008
Energy Systems: An introduction • ATP-PC system • Lactic acid system • Aerobic system • Food fuels • Contribution of energy systems to various activities • Energy system interplay • Anaerobic vs Aerobic glycolysis MSC. James Stevens, 2008
Health benefits of PA • Health related fitness components • Skill related fitness components • Health related benefits – physical • Health related benefits – psychological • Physical, Social, Emotional benefits of physical activity MSC. James Stevens, 2008
Physical activity across the lifespan • Participation trends across the lifespan - Age • Participation trends - Gender • General participation trends • Socioeconomic / Social class status • Motivation / Influence on initial involvement in PA • Motivation / Influence on continued involvement in PA • Factors influencing non-involvement MSC. James Stevens, 2008
Health consequences of Physical Inactivity • Poor mental health • Type 2 diabetes • Obesity • Cardiovascular Disease – Hypertension, High blood cholesterol • Other health conditions – arthritis, rheumatism, asthma, osteoporosis, posture MSC. James Stevens, 2008
Understanding factors influencing participation in PA and the Stages of Change model Determinants of PA – ADULTS • Individual factors – gender, age, BMI, hereditary, self-efficacy, education, intentions to exercise, perceived barriers, activity history, dietary habits, smoking • Environmental factors – (social) physician influence, social support, dog ownership, (physical) climate / season, urbanisation and region Determinants of PA of children and adolescents • Individual factors – gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), BMI, depression, self-efficacy, enjoyment of PA • Environmental factors – family structure, parental modelling, parental support, peer support, time spent outdoors, access to activity equipment, play spaces MSC. James Stevens, 2008