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Covalent and Ionic Compounds

Covalent and Ionic Compounds . SNC1D. Different ways for atoms to combine…. Metal + Non-Metal form compound made up of charged particles that become ions by gaining or losing electrons Non-Metal + Non-Metal Electrons are shared between atoms Metal + Metal

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Covalent and Ionic Compounds

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  1. Covalent and Ionic Compounds SNC1D

  2. Different ways for atoms to combine… • Metal + Non-Metal • form compound made up of charged particles that become ions by gaining or losing electrons • Non-Metal + Non-Metal • Electrons are shared between atoms • Metal +Metal • Alloys created by melting two or more metals and then mixing them

  3. Molecular Compounds • Two non-metals combine to form a covalent bondwhereby electrons are shared between atoms • By sharing electrons, each atom will have a stable octet

  4. What is the difference between an ionic bondand a covalent bond? • - An ionic bond is a chemical bond whereby one atom loses electrons to become a positive ion and another gains electrons to become a negative ion • - A covalent bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms in a molecule

  5. Examples of molecular compounds: • Carbon monoxide • Carbon dioxide • Nitrogen trifluoride • Sulfur hexafluoride

  6. Naming molecular compounds: • Add the appropriate prefix depending on the number of each of the atoms in the compound • If there is only one of the first element in the formula, the mono- prefix is dropped

  7. Write the names for the following molecular compounds: CCl4 PCl3 NBr3 H2S H3P

  8. Molecular Elements • Atoms that exist in pairs in nature • Referred to as diatomic molecules and there are seven H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

  9. Counting elements in molecules… NaHCO3 (baking soda) How many elements does this compound contain? How many atoms of each element are in baking soda? What about CH3COOH? (vinegar)

  10. Different ways for atoms to combine… • Metal + Non-Metal • form compound made up of charged particles that become ions by gaining or losing electrons • Non-Metal + Non-Metal • Nucleus of one atom forms strong attraction to valence electron of another atom • “tug of war” for electrons occurs, but neither atom wins • Instead, the two atoms share each other’s electrons, resulting in a what we call a covalent bond that holds the atoms together • Metal +Metal • Alloys created by melting two or more metals and then mixing the • Different from compounds because they are solutions of metals and atoms are not chemically joined

  11. IONIC COMPOUNDS(metal + non-metal) • Ionic compound: a compound that consists of positively and negatively charged ions • Atoms want to be stable • In ionic compounds, atoms become stable by either gaining or losing electrons to accomplish a full outer shell • An ionic bond is created

  12. Important terms… • Ion: a particle that has either a positive or a negative charge • Cation: a positively charged ion • Anion: a negatively charged ion

  13. What would have to happen to a lithium atom in order for it to become chemically “stable”? • What could it join with in order to accomplish this?

  14. Bonding Between Alkali Metals and Halogens • Naming: • The name of the metal does not change • the name of the non-metal takes an “ide” ending • Ex. NaCl  Sodium chloride

  15. Cl Mg Cl 2+ v v 1- v v

  16. Ca Cl Needs to lose 2 electrons Needs to gain 1 electron CaCl2

  17. Bonding between Alkaline Earth Metals and Halogens BeF2 BeCl2 BeBr2 BeI2 MgF2 MgCl2 MgBr2 MgI2 CaF2 CaCl2 CaBr2 CaI2

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