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Exploring Mirrors and Lenses: Optics Guide

Dive into the world of mirrors and lenses with this comprehensive guide covering flat and spherical mirrors, thick and thin lenses, aberrations, ray diagrams, and image formations. Learn how to calculate magnification, distinguish between real and virtual images, and apply sign conventions for mirrors and lenses. Explore examples, including mirror curvature and lens focal lengths, to enhance your understanding of optics principles.

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Exploring Mirrors and Lenses: Optics Guide

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  1. Chapter 23 Mirrors and Lenses • Flat Mirrors • Spherical Mirrors • Thick lenses • Thin lenses • Aberrations

  2. Mirrors and Lenses: Notation and Image Types • The object distance (p) • The image distance (q) • The lateral magnification (M) • How do I calculate M • What is a Real Image? • What is a virtual Image? • How do I find where the image is? • The mirror equation

  3. Concave Mirror: Notation and Image formed • R • p • q • f

  4. Convex Mirror: Notation and Image formed • R • p • q • f

  5. Sign Conventions for Mirrors

  6. Ray Diagrams • How do I draw Ray diagrams?

  7. Ray Diagram for Concave Mirror, p > R • Object • Image • Type • Distance • Orientation • Size

  8. Ray Diagram for a Concave Mirror, p < f • Object • Image • Type • Distance • Orientation • Size

  9. Ray Diagram for a Convex Mirror • Object • Image • Type • Distance • Orientation • Size

  10. Example • A concave shaving mirror is designed to get a virtual image which is twice the size of the object, when the distance between the object and the mirror is 15 cm. Determine the radius of curvature of the mirror.

  11. Example • A convex spherical mirror with a radius of curvature of 10.0 cm produces a virtual image one-third the size of the real object. Where is the object?

  12. Images Formed by Refraction • When n2 > n1,

  13. Sign Conventions for Refracting Surfaces

  14. Atmospheric Refraction: Sunset and Mirages

  15. Example • A small fish is swimming at a depth d below the surface of a pond. What is the aparaent depth of the fish as viewed from directly overhead?

  16. Thin Lens Shapes • Light • Focal length • Thickness

  17. More Thin Lens Shapes • Light • Focal length • Thickness

  18. Focal Length of a Converging Lens

  19. Ray Diagram for Converging Lens, p > f • Image • Type • Orientation • Distance • Size

  20. Ray Diagram for Converging Lens, p < f • Image • Type • Orientation • Distance • Size

  21. Focal Length of a Diverging Lens

  22. Ray Diagram for Diverging Lens • Image • Type • Orientation • Distance • Size

  23. Lens Equations • What can it do? • How do I calculate the magnification?

  24. Sign Conventions for Thin Lenses

  25. What can it do? Lens Maker’s equation

  26. A converging lens of a focal length 10.0 cm forms images of objects placed a) 30.0cm b)10.0cm and c)5.0cm from the lens. Find the image distance and describe the image in each case. Examples

  27. A diverging lens of a focal length 10.0 cm forms images of objects placed a) 30.0cm b)10.0cm and c)5.0cm from the lens. Find the image distance and describe the image in each case. Examples

  28. Aberrations

  29. Combination of Thin Lenses • Image by first lens • Object for the second lens • The final image • What if? • What is the Total magnification?

  30. Example • Two converging lenses are placed 20 cm apart. If the first lens has a focal length of 10 cm and the second has a focal length of 20 cm, locate the final image formed of an object 30 cm in front of the first lens. Find the magnification of the system.

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