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RISK ASSESSMENTS AND PRECAUTIONS OF DISEASES SHARED BY PEOPLE AND ANIMALS

RISK ASSESSMENTS AND PRECAUTIONS OF DISEASES SHARED BY PEOPLE AND ANIMALS. James Wright, DVM, MPVM Zoonosis Control Division Texas Department of State Health Services Tyler, Texas Buddy Faries, DVM, MS Texas Cooperative Extension Texas A&M University College Station, Texas.

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RISK ASSESSMENTS AND PRECAUTIONS OF DISEASES SHARED BY PEOPLE AND ANIMALS

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  1. RISK ASSESSMENTS AND PRECAUTIONS OF DISEASESSHARED BY PEOPLE AND ANIMALS James Wright, DVM, MPVM Zoonosis Control Division Texas Department of State Health Services Tyler, Texas Buddy Faries, DVM, MS Texas Cooperative Extension Texas A&M University College Station, Texas

  2. How to prove an animal does NOT have rabies….. Quarantine (dog, cat, or ferret)

  3. Transmission of the rabies virus is via the saliva • Important fact in dogs, cats, and ferrets— Animal will not have virus in its salivary glands for more than 5-6 days before showing some other sign of being ill. Therefore……quarantine for 10 days

  4. How to prove an animal does NOT have rabies….. Quarantine (dog, cat, or ferret) Lab testing

  5. Bite victim should…… • Find the animal Animal control can help Do NOT shoot in the head

  6. Incubation Period • Variable • 2 weeks to several months • Quarantine period (dog or cat) • 10 days

  7. Treatment • Wash wound immediately • Consider post-exposure prophylaxis • Not a foregone conclusion • Rarely an emergency

  8. Post-exposure Prophylaxis Decision • Species of biting animal

  9. Skunk High Risk

  10. Coyote High Risk

  11. Fox High Risk

  12. Raccoon High Risk

  13. BAT High Risk Since 1980 in the US, over 90% of the domestically acquired human rabies cases were from bats.

  14. Low Risk Animals • opossums • armadillos • rabbits • rats, mice, squirrels, beavers

  15. Post-exposure Prophylaxis Decision • Species of biting animal • Vaccination status of animal • Provoked vs not provoked • Prevalence of rabies in the area

  16. Few Cases of Human Rabies in US • Vaccination of pets • Public health education • Bite follow-up

  17. Local Rabies Control Authority (LRCA) Health and Safety Code 826.017 -- Commissioners Court of each county and local governing body of each municipality shall designate.…..local rabies control authority. Can be health officer, animal control officer, peace officer, or any other entity.

  18. CREATE RABIES IMMUNED BARRIERSBETWEEN PEOPLE AND WILDLIFE

  19. MAINTAIN IMMUNITY IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS • CONFINED HORSES, SHOW LIVESTOCK • DOGS, CATS

  20. ADOPT VACCINATION PROGRAMS RECOMMENDED BY VETERINARIANS

  21. DISCOURAGE POTENTIAL RABIES RESERVOIRSFROM INHABITING PREMISES AROUND HOME SKUNKS, BATS, RACCOONS, FOXES, COYOTES

  22. ELIMINATE BRUSHY, GRASSY AREAS FOR WILDLIFE NESTING

  23. PREVENT PET AND LIVESTOCK FOODS FOR WILDLIFE FEEDING • ELIMINATE WILD PERSIMMON TREES AND BERRY VINES THAT ATTRACT WILDLIFE

  24. AVOID WILDLIFE PETS SKUNKS, RACCOONS

  25. Texas rabies map

  26. Ticks and Disease Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Erhlichia Lyme Disease STARI

  27. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever • Transmit • Infected tick bite • Contamination of broken skin or mucous membranes with infected tick feces. • Symptoms are severe • Treat -- antibiotics

  28. Erhlichia • Symptoms • Fever, headache, muscle aches, vomiting, nausea • Mild to fatal • Treat -- antibiotics

  29. Lyme Disease • Flu-like symptoms (fever, malaise, fatigue, muscle aches) • Erythema Migrans (60%) • Chronic • Neurological abnormalities • Cardiac abnormalities • Arthritis (swelling & pain) • Treat – antibiotics

  30. Preventing Tick-borne Disease • Clothes to exclude or see the ticks

  31. Preventing Tick-borne Disease

  32. Preventing Tick-borne Disease • Clothes to exclude or see the ticks • Repellants • DEET is the gold standard

  33. Preventing Tick-borne Disease • Clothes to exclude or see the ticks • Repellants • Tick Checks • Ticks must be attached several hours before transmit the organism

  34. Preventing Tick-borne Disease • Clothes to exclude or see the ticks • Repellants • Tick Checks • Ticks must be attached several hours before transmit the organism • Proper tick removal

  35. Not Recommended

  36. Tick Removal

  37. Preventing Tick-borne Disease • Clothes to exclude or see the ticks • Repellants • Tick checks • Proper tick removal • Don’t crush ticks

  38. Preventing Tick-borne Disease • Clothes to exclude or see the ticks • Repellants • Tick checks • Proper tick removal • Don’t crush ticks • Keep pets and yard free of ticks

  39. APPLY CHEMICALS ON ANIMALS • SPRAYS, DIPS, COLLARS, SPOT-ONS, BACKRUBBERS

  40. BURN NON-FLAMMABLE HOUSING AREAS

  41. SURVEY OUTDOOR AREAS • DRAG WHITE FLANNEL SHEET

  42. APPLY ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS ON PREMISES • SPRAYS, BAITS

  43. DISCOURAGE ENVIRONMENTAL HOSTS ON PREMISES • DEER, RABBITS, RODENTS, FERAL SWINE

  44. CONTROL BRUSH AND WEEDS • CHEMICAL APPLICATION • MECHANICAL REMOVAL • BURN PASTURE

  45. BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY (BSE) MAD COW DISEASE

  46. SPECIFIED RISK MATERIALS (SRMs) • BRAIN, SPINAL CORD, SKULL, VERTEBRAE, ILEUM OF CATTLE

  47. TRANSMISSION • CATTLE EAT CONTAMINATED MEAT, BONE, BLOOD MEALS • PEOPLE EAT CONTAMINATED GROUND MEAT

  48. SAFEGUARDS – FIREWALLS • USDA IMPORT BANS • RUMINANTS AND RUMINANT PRODUCTS • COUNTRIES KNOWN TO HAVE BSE

  49. USDA CATTLE FEED BANS • RUMINANT MEAT, BONE AND BLOOD MEALS • POULTRY LITTER

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