1 / 37

Particle Physics Evolution: A Glimpse into the Present and Future

Explore the pivotal moments in particle physics history from 1989 to 2013. Unravel the mysteries of dark matter, neutrino masses, and the quest for new particles beyond the Standard Model. Discover why the physics landscape demands versatile and powerful research facilities like the FCC, offering model-independent studies and precise measurements. Engage with the theoretical challenges that lie ahead, from rare processes to dark matter mysteries. Join the journey to push the boundaries of our understanding of the universe.

bking
Download Presentation

Particle Physics Evolution: A Glimpse into the Present and Future

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. OUTLOOK OUTLOOK Alain BLONDEL University of Geneva and CERN Withmanythanks to all in the FCC collaboration!

  2. Particle physics has arrived at an important moment of its history Alain Blondel FCC CDR presentation Outlook

  3. 1989-1999: top mass predicted (LEP, mostly Z mass&width) top quark discovered (Tevatron) t’Hooft and Veltmanget Nobel Prize 1999 (c) Sfyrla Alain Blondel FCC CDR presentation Outlook

  4. 1997-2013 Higgs boson mass cornered(LEP H, MZetc +Tevatron mt , MW) Higgs Boson discovered (LHC) Englert and Higgsget Nobel Prize 2013 IT LOOKS LIKE THE STANDARD MODEL IS COMPLETE..... (c) Sfyrla NB in factwe know from oscillations and cosmology that all 3 neutrino masses are lessthan ~0.1 eV Alain Blondel FCC CDR presentation Outlook

  5. SEVENYEARS AGO ALREADY Alain Blondel FCC CDR presentation Outlook

  6. The Standard Model is a very consistent and completetheory. It explainsall knowncolliderphenomena and almost all particlephysics (except’s) – thiswasbeautifullyverified at LEP, SLC, Tevatron and the LHC. -- the EWPO radiative corrections predicted top and Higgs masses assuming SM and nothingelse wecanevenextrapolate the Standard Model all the way to the thePlankscale: FCC 2048

  7. Is it the end? Is it the end? Alain Blondel FCC CDR presentation Outlook

  8. Wecannotexplain: Darkmatter Standard Model particlesconstituteonly 5% of the energy in the Universe Wereisantimatter gone? Whatmakes neutrino masses? Not a unique solution in the SM -- Dirac masses (whysosmall?) Majorana masses (why not Dirac?) Both (the preferred scenarios, see-saw...) ?  heavy right handed neutrinos?

  9. Is it the end? Certainly not! -- Darkmatter -- Baryon Asymmetry in Universe -- Neutrino masses are experimentalproofsthatthereis more to understand. We must continue ourquest, but HOW? Direct observation of new particles(but not only!) New phenomena(ex: Neutralcurrents, neutrino oscillations, CP violation.. ) Deviationsfromprecisepredictions(ref. Uranus to Neptune, Mercury’sperihelion, top and Higgspredictionsfrom LEP/SLC/Tevatron/B factories, g-2, etc…) To which, one canaddmanytheoretical questions on the SM thesefactsrequire particlephysicsexplanations. Alain Blondel FCC CDR presentation Outlook

  10. The PhysicsLandscape We are in a fascinatingsituation: where to look and whatwillwefind? For the first time since Fermi theory, WE HAVE NO SCALE The nextfacility must beversatile withas broad and powerfulreach as possible, as thereisno precisetarget  more Sensitivity, more Precision, more Energy FCC , thanks to synergies and complementarities, offers the most versatile and adaptedresponse to today’sphysicslandscape,

  11. Alain Blondel FCC CDR presentation Outlook

  12. “Discoveries make the front pages of the newspapers, while precise measurements of known particle don’t, but scientifically they are just as important." Alain Blondel FCC CDR presentation Outlook

  13. The FCC integrated program FCC (ee and hh, ep) by way of synergy and complementarity willprovide the mostcomplete and model-independentstudies of the Higgs boson pp provides 2.1010Higgs ! (Usingee‘candle’) willprovide -- model-independentttHcoupling to <1% -- rare decays (, ,  …) -- invisible width to 5 10-4 BR -- Higgs self couplinggHHH to 5% epwillproduce 2.5 106 Higgs (usingee ‘candle’)furtherimproves on severalmeasurements esp. gHWWcoupling eeprovides 106 ZH + 105 Hvvevts -- Model-Independent H determination -- gHZZHiggscoupling to Z at 0.17% fixedcandle for all measurements (WW, bb, , cc, gg etc… <% level)  evenpossiblyHeecoupling! also first 40% effect of gHHHfromloopeffect (22% with 4 IPs) Alain Blondel FCC CDR presentation Outlook Superbcomplementarity!

  14. Pecision EW measurements: is the SM complete? -^- EFT D6 operators (someassumptions) -^- Higgs and EWPOs are complementary -^- top quark mass and couplings essential! (the 100km circumferenceis optimal for this) <-- manysystematics are preliminary and shouldimprovewith more work. <-- tau b and c observables still to beadded <-- complemented by high energyFCC-hh Theory workiscritical and initiated Alain Blondel FCC CDR presentation Outlook

  15. FCC proposes a HUGE step in statisticalprecision w.r.t. LEP/SLC/Tevatron/LHC (up to factor sqrt(N)~400improvement) Also rare processes at the level of <10-12 of Z decays (10-8 for W, 10-6 for H and top)  need to know rare SM processes at thatkind of level! Experiment(i.e. acceleratorphysics + experimentalphysics) willwork hard to makesure thatthisismatched by experimentalsystematics and experimental backgrounds This is a huge challenge for the theoreticalcommunity! QED QCD (incl. quark masses)EW Multi-loopcalculationsand exponentiation THIS IS EXPLICITELY INSCRIBED IN THE ESPP SUBMISSIONS AS CRITICAL CHALLENGE Theoretical challenges Alain Blondel FCC CDR presentation Outlook

  16. Nima At higher masses -- or at smallercouplings? Alain Blondel FCC CDR presentation Outlook

  17. DarkMatterexists. It is made of very long livedneutralparticle(s). Plausible candidates: indirect detection direct detection Particlephysics sterileneutrino WIMP UL scalar, axion Systematic Errors on the Centre-of-mass Ene Systematic Errors on the Centre-of-mass Ene Systematic Errors on the Centre-of-mass Ene Cirelli Alain Blondel FCC CDR presentation Outlook

  18. FCC-eeZ Axion-likeparticle DM neutralinosearch at the FCC-hh LHC FCC-ee “FCC-hhcovers the full mass range for the discovery of these WIMP Dark Matter candidates” Z a with a FCC-ee (solid lines) Run-2 of the LHC with 300 fb-1 (dashed) «The Z run of FCC-eeisparticularly fertile for discovery of particleswithverysmallcouplings» Alain Blondel FCC CDR presentation Outlook

  19. at least 3 pieces are stillmissing Since 1998 itisestablishedthat neutrinos have mass (oscillations) and thisveryprobablyimplies new degrees of freedom  «sterile»,verysmallcoupling to knownparticles completelyunknown masses (eV to ZeV), nearlyimpossile to find. .... but couldperhapsexplain all: DM, BAU,-masses

  20. Heavy neutrinos FCC-ee Z + or (*) - FCC-hh FCC-ee -- EWPO : sensitivity 10-5up to very high masses -- high sensitivity to single N( W) in Z decay FCC-hh -- production in W->  + N( W) with initial and final lepton charge and flavour FCC e-p -- production in CC e p  X N( W) high mass Complementarity: discovery + studies of FNV and LFV! Detached vertices The capability to probe massive neutrino mechanisms for generating the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe should be a central consideration in the selection and design of future colliders. (from the neutrino town meeting report to the ESPP) Alain Blondel FCC CDR presentation Outlook

  21. FCC-eediscoverypotential and Highlights Todaywe do not know how nature will surprise us. A few thingsthat FCC-eecoulddiscover: EXPLORE 10-100 TeVenergyscale (and beyond) withPrecisionMeasurements -- ~20-100 foldimprovedprecision on many EW quantities (equiv. to factor 5-10 in mass) mZ, mW, mtop , sin2weff , Rb , QED (mz) s (mzmW m), Higgsand top quark couplings model independent «fixedcandle» for Higgsmeasurements DISCOVER a violation of flavourconservation or universality and unitarity of PMNS @10-5 -- ex FCNC (Z -->  , e) in 5 1012 Z decays and  BR in 2 1011 Z  + flavourphysics (1012bbevents) (Bs etc..) DISCOVER darkmatter as «invisible decay» of H or Z (or in LHC loopholes) DISCOVER veryweaklycoupledparticle in 5-100 GeVenergyscale such as: Right-Handed neutrinos, DarkPhotons, ALPS, etc… + and manyopportunities in – e.g. QCD (s @ 10-4, fragementations, H gg) etc…. NB Not only a «HiggsFactory»! «Z factory» and «top» are important for ‘discoverypotential’

  22. FCC-hhdiscoverypotential and Highlights FCC-hhis a HUGE discovery machine (if nature …), but not only. FCC-hhphysicsisdominatedby threefeatures: -- Highest center of mass energy–> a bigstep in high mass reach! ex: stronglycoupled new particle up to >30 TeV Excitedquarks, Z’, W’, up to ~tens of TeV Give the final word on naturalSupersymmetry, and WIMPSextra Higgs etc.. reach up to 5-20 TeVSensitivity to high energyphenomena in e.g. WW scattering -- HUGE production rates for single and multiple production of SM bosons (H,W,Z) and quarks -- Higgsprecision tests using ratios to e.g. ///ZZ, ttH/ttZ @<% level -- Precisedetermination of triple Higgscoupling(~3% level) and quarticHiggscoupling -- detection of rare decays H V (V= , , J/, , Z …) -- search for invisibles (DM searches, RH neutrinos in W decays) -- renewedinterest for long lived (veryweaklycoupled) particles. -- rich top and HF physics program -- Cleanersignals for high Pt physics -- allows clean signals for channelspresentlydifficult at LHC (e.g. H bb)

  23. FCC-eh DiscoveryPotential and Highlights FCC-ep explores hithertountoucheddomain of (x,q2 ) DIS plane and provides production of high mass SM particles (H, top) in cleaner conditions than pp. -- extremely precise structure function work importantinput on structure functions for FCC-hh complete resolution of the partonic contents of the proton, for the first time high precisionsO(10-4) similar to FCC-eefromtotallydifferent source -- 2 106 Higgs produced fromfrom W & Z to deliverpreciseH couplings complementary to ee -- esp (gHWW) -- Searches for new physics (Leptoquarks, RH neutrinos, etc...) in new domain of mass and couplings -- richtop (Vtb @% level, FCNC) and HF physics program -- Discovery in QCD: non-linear parton evolutions, instantons?, .. -- Unique electron-ion physics related to QGP physics

  24. SYNERGY Alain Blondel The FCCs

  25. Sharing the same tunnel Alain Blondel The FCCs

  26. common layouts for hh & ee IP 11.9 m 30 mrad FCC-hh/ ee Booster 9.4 m Lepton beamsmust cross over through the common RF to enter the IP from inside. Only a half of each ring is filled with bunches. 0.6 m Common RF (tt) Common RF (tt) FCC-ee 1, FCC-ee 2, FCC-ee booster (FCC-hh footprint) Asymmetric IR for ee, limits SR to expt Alain Blondel The FCCs 2 main IPs in A, G for both machines Max. separation of 3(4) rings is about 12 m: wider tunnel or two tunnels are necessary around the IPs, for ±1.2 km. IP

  27. Alain Blondel The FCCs

  28. The samecaverns Alain Blondel The FCCs

  29. M. Aleksa a 10-20 TeV muon colliderusing the 45 GeVstored e+ as LEMMA SOURCE? FCC data taking starts at the end of HL-LHC Alain Blondel The FCCs

  30. We have gone a long way! 2010-11-12 : ideas, wishes, basic concepts, (VHE-LHC, LEP3, TLEP), Higgsdiscovery 2013 ESPP2013 wants «ambitious post-LHC accelerator projcet» 2014 Kick-off meeting ESPP contributions and CDR submittedFCC canbedone!Startingwith the e+ e- collider.  Start of a new eratowardsrealization (15 January) CERN directorate New YearPresentationhttps://indico.cern.ch/event/779524/ Press release on FCC CDR release FCC CDR physicspresentation 4-5 March at CERN; Plenary Meeting (ESPP) Granada 13-17 May FCC General meeting in 24-28 June in Brussels https://indico.cern.ch/event/727555 Alain Blondel FCC CDR presentation Outlook

  31. FCC Kick-off Meeting 341 registered participants Alain Blondel FCC CDR presentation Outlook

  32. FCC-ee Z WW HZ tt LEPx105! Event statistics : ECMerrors: Z peakEcm : 91 GeV 5 1012 e+e- Z WW thresholdEcm : 161 GeV 108 e+e- WW ZH thresholdEcm : 240 GeV 106 e+e- ZH tt thresholdEcm : 350 GeV 106 e+e- tt LEP x 105 LEP x 2.103 Never done Never done 100 keV 300 keV 2MeV 5 MeV Great energy range for the heavyparticles of the Standard Model. Alain Blondel FCC CDR presentation Outlook

  33. FCC integrated project technical timeline 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 15 years operation 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 ~ 25 years operation 70 Project preparation & administrative processes Permis-sions UpdatePermissions Funding strategy Funding andin-kind contribution agreements Funding andin-kind contribution agreements Geological investigations, infrastructure detailed design and tendering preparation Tunnel, site and technical infrastructure construction FCC-ee dismantling, CE & infrastructure adaptations FCC-hh Superconducting wire and magnet R&D SC wire and 16 T magnet R&D, model magnets, prototypes, preseries 16 T dipole magnetseries production FCC-hh accelerator R&D and technical design FCC-ee accelerator R&D and technical design FCC-ee accelerator construction, installation, commissioning FCC-hh accelerator construction, installation, commissioning FCC-hh detector R&D,technical design Set up of international experiment collaborations, detector R&D and concept development FCC-ee detector technical design FCC-ee detectorconstruction, installation, commissioning FCC-hh detectorconstruction, installation, commissioning workiscut out for physics and detectors 70 yearsseemslike a long time! ESPP

  34. Didthese people know thatwewouldbe running HL-LHC in that tunnel >60 yearslater? Let’s not be SHY!

  35. CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS -- The FCC design study has established the feasibility -- or the path to feasibility -- of an ambitious set of colliders after LEP/LHC, at the cutting edge of knowledge and technology. FCC can be done! -- FCC-ee and FCC-hh have outstanding physics cases -- each in their own right -- the sequential implementation of FCC-ee, FCC-hhwith eh option offers the broadestphysicsreachproposedtoday big jumps in Sensitivity, Precision, Energy -- An attractive scenario of staging and implementation cover 70 years of exploratory physics, taking full advantage of the synergies and complementarities. FCC (ee) can start seamlessly at the end of HL-LHC Alain Blondel FCC CDR presentation Outlook

  36. FINAL WORDS The proposedintegrated FCC is a large, ambitious,expensivefacility The size is optimal for studying the heavyparticles of the Standard Model with an e+e- collider, and guarantees a big jump in energyreach for the hadron collider. Alternative facilitiesthat are proposed to providee.g. the same table of Higgsproperties are 1) lessprecise 2) not muchcheaper and 3) considerablylessbroad in physicsability. The other routes to 100 TeV are lessprecise, lesscomplete, and more expensive. CERN is the best place for such a challengingenterprise,givenitsdemonstratedextraordinarycompetence, its international membership, and the CERN existing infrastructure: accelerator complex, including the injectors, cryogenics, etc. (Building FCC in a green field would be much more challengingand risky) We have of course made the point thatCERN has many by-products and spin-offsthatbenefit society, even at short time-scale: -- the web, fastelectronics, particleaccelerator & detector technology and know-how, leading to beneficialeffects in communications, medicine, health, other sciences etc… Alain Blondel FCC CDR presentation Outlook

  37. FINAL WORDS (II) The SCIENCEwe do today, hand in hand withcosmology, astrophysics and manyotherfields: ‘How the Universewasborn and how itworks’ addresses questions thathave fascinatedhumanity, and raised passions, for a very long time. The existence of a large community of scientistsfrom all continents, gender, culture and religion, workingtogether to come closer to thesefundamental questions, withexplanationsbased on facts, in a languagethatisuniversal … … isa tremendoushope for education, harmony and peace. Progress in knowledge has no price Alain Blondel FCC CDR presentation Outlook

More Related