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Explore how WWI led to the Russian Revolution and Stalin's totalitarian regime, covering key events, groups, and policies. Discover the impact of Lenin, Stalin, the Bolsheviks, and the Red vs. White Armies. Learn about the economic shifts under Stalin's command, the Great Purge, and more.
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Bell WorkWednesday 4/17 Look in your book beginning on page 867 to find the answers • 1. How did WWI help bring about the Russian Revolution? • 2. What groups made up the Red Army and the White Army? • 3. Why did the Bolsheviks rename their party the Communist Party?
Revolution and Nationalism Chapter 30 Sections 1 and 2
Czars Resist Change • Alexander III- • Imposed harsh measures on Russian citizens which included • Censorship on written documents and published materials • Secret police sent to watch schools • Teachers had to send detailed reports on each student • Sent political prisoners to Siberia • Made Russian the official language • Made Jews the source of persecution
Russia Industrializes • Rapid industrialization changed the face of Russia’s economy • The number of factories doubled between 1863 and 1900 • By 1900 Russia was the 4th largest steel producing country • The Trans-Siberian Railway-Located in Russia it’s considered the worlds longest continuous rail line
Russia Industrializes • The Revolutionary Movement Grows- • Proletariat-Revolutionary term meaning that the “workers would rule the country” • Marxist revolutionaries believed that the industrial class could overthrow the Russian government • 1903-Marxists split into groups • Mensheviks-Moderate group of Marxists • Bolsheviks-Radical group willing to give everything for change
Crises at Home and Abroad • “Bloody Sunday”: The Revolution of 1905- • Jan 22nd, 1905 200,000 workers and their families approached the Czar’s winter palace • They had a petition asking for: • Better working conditions, more political freedoms and elected national legislature • Soldiers fired upon the crowd killing about a thousand and injuring hundreds
The March Revolution • Soviets-Local councils consisting of workers, peasants and soldiers who held more political power in some cities than the actual provisional government.
The Bolshevik Revolution • Civil War Rages in Russia-1918-1920 • The Bolsheviks faced the challenge of defeating their enemies at home • Red Army vs. White Army • Red Army-Made up of the Bolsheviks and Lenin’s supporters • White Army-Made up of different groups who either wanted to return to rule under the czar, form a democratic government or just simply hated Lenin’s policies
The Bolshevik Revolution • Effects of the Russian Civil War- • Nearly 14 million Russians died from the war and famine • The Red Army defeated all it’s opponents • Russia became a state-controlled society
Lenin Restores Order • Lenin’s New Economic Policies- • New Economic Policy (NEP)- • Small-scale version of capitalism • Allowed peasants to sell their surplus goods instead of giving them to the gov. • The gov. kept control of major industries, banks and communication but allowed small businesses and farms operate under private ownership • Communist Party-The Bolsheviks renamed their party this after becoming inspired by the writings of Karl Marx
Stalin Becomes Dictator • Joseph Stalin- • Gained complete control of the Communist Party by 1928 • Described as a cold, hard, and impersonal. • Took the name Stalin which means “Man of Steel” • Stalin removed everyone he saw as a threat to his power including Leon Trotsky who was exiled in 1929
Bell WorkThursday 4/18 Look in your book beginning on page 874 to find the answers • 1. What are the key traits of a totalitarian state? • 2. What are some ways totalitarian rulers keep their power • 3. How did the Soviet economy change under Stalin?
A Government of Total Control • Totalitarianism- Describes a government that takes total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life • To achieve this control leaders often use terror, indoctrination, propaganda, censorship, and religious/ethnic persecution
Stalin Builds a Totalitarian State • Police State- • Stalin used a police state to maintain his power • They used tanks and armored cars to stop riots, tapped phone lines, read mail, and encouraged kids to tell the gov. if their parents made disloyal remarks • Great Purge- A campaign of terror designed to eliminate anyone who threatened Stalin’s power • Historians estimate Stalin killed 8 to 13 million people during the Great Purge
Stalin Seizes Control of the Economy • Command Economy-A system where the gov. made all the economic decisions • Five Year Plans- • Stalin’s plans for the development of the Soviet Union’s Economy • Set impossibly high goals for steel, coal, oil and electricity production • Limited production of consumer goods to achieve this
Stalin Seizes Control of the Economy • An Agricultural Revolution- • Collective Farms-Large government owned farms which produced food for the state • 1928 the gov. confiscated nearly 25 million privately owned farms • 5 to 10 million people died as a result of protests or persecution • By 1938 90% of all Russian peasants lived on collective farms
Daily Life Under Stalin • The Good: • Soviet society saw: • Women’s roles expand • People becoming better educated • People mastered new technical skills • The Bad: • Soviet society saw: • Personal freedoms limited • Consumer goods in short supply • Dissent (complaining) was prohibited
Daily Life Under Stalin • Women achieved equal rights and saw social advances under Stalin’s Five-Year Plans. • By 1950 women made up 75% of the doctors in the Soviet Union • However they were also expected to take care of the home and raise loyal Soviet citizens
Bell WorkFriday 4/19 Look in your book beginning on page 867 to find the answers • 1. Why did Stalin force Trotsky into exile? (Sec 1) • 2. Why did Stalin limit the production of consumer goods? (Sec 2) • 3. Why wouldn’t people be excited about living on a collective farm? (Sec 2)
