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Overview of research project and book: Governing Through Markets: Forest Certification and the Emergence of Non-state Authority. Authors Benjamin Cashore Graeme Auld Deanna Newsom. Three Research Challenges. Conceptualize this new policy instrument/governance system
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Overview of research project and book:Governing Through Markets: Forest Certification and the Emergence of Non-state Authority Authors Benjamin Cashore Graeme Auld Deanna Newsom
Three Research Challenges • Conceptualize this new policy instrument/governance system • Develop an analytical framework for conducting research • Explain differences across jurisdictions/regions
Four Key Characteristics of Forest Certification as NSMD Governance
Why NSMD Important • Could challenge traditional state sovereignty • Restructure power relations • Emerging in other sectors as well – coffee, food, mining, tourism • Competing Programs– different implications for structure of governance and SFM rules • FSC – where environmental and social groups have a key role in creating rules • SFI, CSA, PEFC, Tree Farm – where forest companies and/ or landowners relatively greater role in rule creation
Forest Certification Programs and Legitimacy Legitimacy Achievement Strategies Certification Program (Governance System) Convert Conform Inform Types of Legitimacy Cognitive Pragmatic Moral Most Durable Least Durable? Environmental Groups Forest companies Private Forest Land owners Lumber Dealers/ Retailers Consumers
Why Legitimacy is Important • Uneven support for more stringent environmental group supported NSMD governance systems • Need to understand conditions under which “converting” or “conforming” strategies are most effective • Not just a question of NSMD governance but who gets to create the rules. • NSMD governance systems’ moral legitimacy granting “core audience” may limit legitimacy achievement strategies. • Legitimacy provides glimpse into how durable these systems might be
Table I.0: General Patterns of Pragmatic Legitimacy Granting by Forest Owner/Managers to FSC BC (Canada) United States United Kingdom Germany Sweden Initially None None None None None After Legitimacy Achievement Strategies Widespread pragmatic support None Moderate Weak Split: Industrial strong, private landowner none The Puzzle: Convergence then Divergence Among Forest Owner/Manager Support for FSC
The Explanation • Some countries more hospitable/susceptible to FSC legitimacy achievement efforts than others • Some regions/countries more hospitable toward FSC efforts to gain forest owner and forest company support (lead to converting strategies). • Some regions/countries less hospitable to FSC efforts to gain forest owner support (leads to conforming strategies).
Factors that affect FSC strategic efforts to gain forest owner support