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Ligaments, Tendons, and Joints

Ligaments, Tendons, and Joints. Joints. Aka articulations When two or more bones come together Allow the body to move. Ligaments. Tough, connective tissue Connects bone to bone. Tendons. Cordlike structures that attach bones to muscles. Types of Joints. Fibrous Joints.

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Ligaments, Tendons, and Joints

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  1. Ligaments, Tendons, and Joints

  2. Joints Aka articulations When two or more bones come together Allow the body to move

  3. Ligaments Tough, connective tissue Connects bone to bone

  4. Tendons Cordlike structures that attach bones to muscles

  5. Types of Joints

  6. Fibrous Joints Held together by short connective strands Immobile or slightly moveable Ex: Sutures in your skull

  7. Cartilaginous Joints Held together by cartilage disks Immovable or slightly movable Ex: Joints between your ribs and sternum

  8. Synovial Joints Connected by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid and lined with a synovial membrane Freely moving

  9. Types of Synovial Joints • Pivot Joints: Can only rotate • Found in your neck

  10. Types of Synovial Joints • Ball and Socket Joints: Can move in all directions including rotation • Found in your shoulders and hips

  11. Types of Synovial Joints • Hinge Joints: Can either open or close • Found in your knees and elbows

  12. Types of Synovial Joints http://phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/skeletal_and_muscular/index.html • Gliding Joints • Flat, slightly curved, plate like bones • Can only side back and forth • Found in your wrists and ankles

  13. Types of Synovial Joints • Saddle Joints • One bone shaped like a saddle and another similar to a horse’s back • Rock up and down and side to side • Found in the base of your thumb

  14. Types of Synovial Joints • Condyloid Joints and Ellipsoidal Joints • Oddly shaped convex bones fitting into concave bones • Can move in any direction, but cannot rotate • Found in the knuckles of your fingers and wrists

  15. Movement Classification

  16. Flexion When a joint is bent, decreasing the angle between the two bones Ex: the leg bent at the knee

  17. Extension Straightening a joint so the angle between the involved bones increases Ex: kicking

  18. Plantar Flexion When the toes are pointed

  19. Dorsiflexion When the foot is bent upward toward the leg

  20. Hyperextension When a joint is forced to straighten beyond its normal limits

  21. Abduction To move away from the bodies midline Ex: Moving your arms up from resting next to your body

  22. Adduction To move toward the midline of the body Ex: Moving your arms from above your head back down to your sides

  23. Inversion When the sole of one foot is turned inward so it points to the other foot

  24. Eversion The foot is turned outward, pointing away from the opposite foot

  25. Supination The palm of your hand is turned upward

  26. Pronation When the palm of the hand is turned down

  27. Circumduction Circular arm motion

  28. Protraction Drawing a part forward

  29. Retraction Drawing a part backwards

  30. Rotation When a bone spins on its axis Ex: Rotating your head

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