How to prepare and deliver a good lecture basics

1. How to prepare and deliver a good lecture(basics)

2. Plan of preparation Think about what type of lecturer you are (or want to be) Which kind of people are in the audience? What is the aim of the lecture? How to prepare slides? How to deliver the lecture?

3.  - Which one would you want to be?

4. Lecturer – Type 1 ”Watch me how perfect I am, how much I know, and how much you still need to learn” (too) many slides, (too) complicated slides, (too) quickly spoken, (too) little time for explanation May be good to enforce admiration(?), but useless for teaching!!!

5. Lecturer – Type 2 “I have a great knowledge on the subject and I want to teach you everything I know right now” Slides are very detailed and look like notes for the lecturer, very busy slides, small letters, 20 lines or more No chance to follow text on slides during lecture unless you are also expert Useless for teaching during courses !!!

6. Lecturer – Type 3 “I am afraid, I am not sure, better not ask me, someone requested me to speak so I speak” Usually basic lecture, superficial but correct Good for beginners, but those who know already something and are looking for additional teaching will be disappointed

7. Lecturer – Type 4 “I want to teach you what is most important and bring order in your knowledge. The rest needs further study and reading” Slides are well prepared, the most important aspects are underlined and repeated, and take home messages are presented Presentation is well structured, has a good timing, and is followed by a discussion These conditions are best for teaching !!!

8. Surprisingly lectures are not best ways of teaching How much you remember after: Workshop - 45% Discussion group - 50% Audiovisual help - 30% Reading a textbook - 20% Listening to a lecture - 5% !!! Giving a lecture (being a lecturer) - 80%

9. Reasons why lectures are still popular for teaching The only way when the audience is large High-lightning the most interesting and important aspects Showing different points of view Providing info that is not available from other sources Whenever possible elements of interaction with the audience (voting etc) should be introduced

10. Before the lecture: Who is in the audience: number, expected knowledge Aim of lecture: education, research, case report Strategy of lecture: interactive, supplementary materials? Technical aspects: stage, microphone, how to change slides, where to stand not to obscure the screen Choose take home messages (no more than 3)

11. General plan of the lecture Announce what you are going to say (provide plan of presentation) Say it Repeat what you have said I do not exactly understand what you mean with this: make sure to know what you want to say (???)I do not exactly understand what you mean with this: make sure to know what you want to say (???)

12. During the lecture Have something to attract the audience and stimulate them every 5-10 minutes – attention goes down to zero after 10 minutes (among intelligent, clever people - quicker) Divide lecture into parts – announce these parts „Wake up calls” – eg. warn the audience that you are going to say very useful (interesting) information List 3 key messages Ask questions to the audience, ask for voting Plan breaks (give time for thinking)

13. Slides (1) Number of slides = time of presentation (1or max. 2 slides/minute of lecture) !!! Rule 6x6 (6 lines, 6 words in a line) – whenever possible No full sentences Same format for the whole lecture, Do not use bold (difficult to read) Size of letters – at least 28 pts, use slide area proportionally Use dark background + light letters or vice-versa No centering of text, use orientation to the left

14. Slides (2) Avoid CAPITAL letters Avoid animations (cause distraction) Background must be simple Highlight important words (keywords) Avoid red and green colors (due to widespread of Daltonism) References – usually listed, but it depends on the audience (research versus pure education)

15. Behavior of lecturer Eye contact with the audience!!! Do not obstruct the vision of (part of) audience (check proper place to stand before the lecture) Respond to voices from the audience Gestures - limited Voice – loud, make breaks, feel like an actor

16. Don’ts!!! Do not say sorry Do not say: I skip this slide Do not say: I know it is hardly visible , but... Do not criticize the audience or make them feel embarrassed or ashamed

17. End of lecture Give notice when you reach the end of your lecture (as a wake-up call) Summarize the lecture Stipulate 3 take home messages Thank the audience Announce time for questions

18. Time for questions Encourage asking questions (very important!!!) Be sure that the question was heard by the audience (if not, repeat the question) You may need to re-phrase the question if it is not clear You may also re-phrase the question to narrow it down or to put it into a wider context

19. Summary Have the motivation to teach audience now and here !! Select the most important information for them to learn from the lecture Bring order in the information – the rest can be read Be yourself, enjoy

20. Examples(think what is wrong and then advance the slide to check)

22. What is wrong with this slide: Slide is too busy Details are hardly visible To present all the information contained in this slide would require 2-3 minutes

23. DRUGS USED FOR ANALGO - SEDATIONDURING ENDOSCOPY DRUG T 1/2 ? ALFENTANYL 60 - 90 min / 30 min/ FENTANYL 185 - 219 min /945 min/ REMIFENTANYL 22 – 29 min MIDAZOLAM 90 - 120 min DEKSMEDETOMIDYNA < 120 min METHOHEXITAL 180 min KETAMINE 180 min ETOMIDAT 150 min PROPOFOL 54 min PETIDINE 180 - 240 min DIAZEPAM 46 h !!! THIOPENTAL 12 h !!!

24. What is wrong with this slide: Slide appears chaotic Capital letters are used Bold is used Red and green colors are used Size of letters are not uniform DRUGS USED FOR ANALGO - SEDATIONDURING ENDOSCOPY

25. PROBIOTICS Live, well-defined microorganisms, which when administered in sufficient amounts can influence the microflora in the given space of the host and have positive medical effect

26. What is wrong with this slide: Full sentence Capital letters are used Text is centered (should be left oriented) PROBIOTICS

27. Live, well-defined microorganisms - if administered in sufficient amounts can influence the microflora in a given space of the host - having positive medical effect PROBIOTICS

28. The same text containing the same information But, presented differently applying the rules for making optimal presentations It is better, istn’t it? PROBIOTICS