Electronics Recycling Developments in WV and the US

1. Electronics Recycling Developments in WV and the US ICEEP January 14, 2008 Jason Linnell Executive Director

2. About Us Why Recycle Electronics? Process Overview WV Program and Results Legislative Background State Programs Timelines Outlook Overview

3. The coordination of initiatives targeting the recycling of used electronics Participation in pilot projects to advance and encourage electronics recycling The development of programs that reduce the burden of government through private management of electronics recycling systems Non-profit 501c3 Located in Parkersburg, WV area (Davisville) Polymer Tech Park About Us NCER’s Mission:Dedicated to the development and enhancement of a national infrastructure for the recycling of used electronics in the U.S. through:

4. Why Recycle Electronics? To conserve natural resources Valuable material can be recovered and reused! To support the community Donating your old electronics supports schools, low-income families, and non-profits by providing needed electronics. To create local jobs As demand for electronics recycling increases, new businesses will form and existing companies will grow. To protect public health and the environment Most electronics contain hazardous materials that should not be disposed of in landfills.

5. Electronics shipped from collection site to the recycler pallets or Gaylord boxes. Materials received, weighed, and tracked through computerized bar-code system. Dismantling Process: 1. 2.

6. Materials to “triage” area to separate resalable commodities such as cords, power supplies and keyboards. Other products move dismantling by workers stationed along a conveyor belt. Dismantling Process 2: 3. 4.

7. Products are disassembled with machine tools and resulting materials into separate Gaylord boxes. Dismantling Process 3: 5. • Typically separated materials included: plastic housings, circuit boards, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals and bare Cathode Ray Tubes (once removed from housings). 6.

8. What Is The NCER Doing in WV? • Spear-heading electronics recycling collection events across the state • Encouraging a more consistent national infrastructure for electronics recycling • Building relationships with partners for electronics recycling opportunities in WV • Developing an efficient collection system model • Positioning WV on the leading edge of long-term issue!

9. 2006 Collection EventsWVHTC Foundation Grant Our 2006 collection events: • 9 WV counties • Collected more than 230,000 pounds • Attracted more than 1,700 participants (by vehicle) • Gained local and national media attention • And most importantly, educated the public of the need to recycle electronics • Partners in 2006: Amandi Services (recycler), SDR Technologies (plastics recycler), WVDEP, WV SWMB, WVHTC Foundation

10. Wood County49,633 lbs recycledKanawha County33,238 lbs recycledBerkeley County34,405 lbs recycledMarion County25,301 lbs recycledGreenbrier County19,607 lbs collected 2006 Events Putnam County17,592 lbs collectedMonongalia County14,240 lbs recycledUpshur County14,752 lbs collected Marshall County12,153 lbs recycledTaylor County5,168 lbs collected

11. 2007 Collection Events State Grant from REAP Program Our 2007 collection events: • 6 WV counties • Collected 228,543 pounds • Attracted more than 1,990 participants (by vehicle) • Gained local and national media attention • And most importantly, educated the public of the need to recycle electronics • Partners in 2007: eco International (recycler, formerly Amandi/Envirocycle), WVDEP, numerous County Solid Waste Authorities

12. Total pounds of electronics collected by the NCER in 2006 & 2007 466,468!

13. NCER Collection Events ‘06-’07

14. State-Level Policy Activities

15. First state electronics recycling mandate in the U.S. was in CA – enacted in 2003 Eight more state mandates since: Maine (2004) Maryland (2005) Washington (2006) Connecticut (2007) Minnesota (2007) North Carolina (2007) Oregon (2007) Texas (2007) In all of these states, the penalty for non-compliance is: products ineligible for sale in the state, and/or financial penalties per each sale of covered products LegislativeBackground

16. Ten programs with mandatory financing CA, ME, MD, MN, NC, OR, TX, WA AR (often overlooked) 95 million US residents or 32% of US population Upcoming disposal bans NH, RI, AR Where Do We Stand?

17. Product Scope By State Desktops, Laptops (over 4 inch), TVs (over 4 inch), Monitors (over 4 inch) Laptops, TVs (over 9 inch), Monitors (over 9 inch) Desktops, Laptops, TVs (over 4 inch), Monitors (over 4 inch) TVs with exclusions (over 4 inch), Monitors (over 4 inch), Laptops (over 4 inch) TVs (over 4 inch), Monitors (over 4 inch), Laptops (over 4 inch) “*Product scope for MD and MN includes products triggering a manufacturer obligation to participate in the program. Desktops, monitors, laptops Desktops, monitors, laptops, keyboard, mice, and other peripheral equipment (excluding printers)

18. Adding Covered EntitiesOur Patchwork Quilt:Can you find two that match?!! -Households -Small Businesses -Non-Profits -Any Entity w/ Fewer Than 7 Devices -Households -Small Governments -Small Businesses -School Districts -Charities Consumers Only (Who Use Computer Equipment for Home or Home Business Use) Any Entity Households Only

19. More Patches: Financing SHARE RETURNS2 ARF - Electronic Waste Recycling Fee, assessed on the sale of covered electronic products FEE - Manufacturer Annual Registration Fees (can be significantly reduced by establishing an approved take-back program) SHARE - Manufacturers must finance a program to collect & recycle their brand’s share of covered products, either collectively or independently (Oregon’s collective program is managed by the state DEQ, WA’s collective program is run by a manufacturer-managed authority.) LBS. SOLD Manufacturer pays registration fee and for collection and recycling of covered electronic devices based on their yearly sales to households LBS. SOLD SHARE ARF FEE RETURNS1 RETURNS1 RETURNS 1 - Manufacturers must develop and implement their own recycling programs for their own returned products (TX requires program to collect from consumers, NC requires program to collect from collectors). RETURNS 2 - Manufacturers pay for transportation and recycling of their own branded products collected by others plus a pro rata share of all orphan products

20. Still More Patches: Manufacturer Definitions • Maine and Minnesota both allow non-brand owners to claim responsibility for brands • Washington and Maryland requires “brand owner” to be responsible for that brand • Oregon allows only brand owner or licensee to be “manufacturer” • Maine and Washington cover historic producers, even if no longer in that product market

21. What Do All Of These TVs Have In Common?

22. Same Brand, Different “Manufacturer” • Barbie Brand TVs • Registered by Mattel, Inc. in WA and Emerson Radio Consumer Products in ME and MN • Sponge Bob Squarepants TVs • Registered by Nickelodeon in WA, Emerson Radio Consumer Products in ME and Imation Corp. in MN • Disney TVs • Registered by Disney Computer Products, Inc. in WA and MemCorp, Inc. in ME • Challenge: Recycling responsibility sometimes on brand “licensees” sometimes “licensors”

23. Law passed in 2003 Point of sale fee on for any purchase of certain products over 4 inches diagonal screen size $6, $8, or $10 depending on screen size Effective January 1, 2005 on: CRT devices (TVs & monitors) LCD devices (laptops and monitors) LCD and Plasma TVs added July 1, 2005 Portable DVD players as of Jan 1 2007 But NOT desktop computers, other audio/video devices California

24. California Manufacturers collect/remit ARF on direct sales, retain 3% Manufacturers required to annually notify retailers of products covered by ARF.   Retailers collect/remit ARF on sales to CA customers (retain 3%) 20,000+ retailers with 30,000+ retail locations (300 large = 90%) Retailers only sell branded products and that meet RoHS restrictions for heavy metals.  Financial& OperationalRequirements

25. Collected fees into state fund Disbursements made to qualified collectors and recyclers at $0.48/lb 500 Approved Collectors; 50 Approved Recyclers Estimate 2007 Collection total: 210 million lbs CA Law Mechanics

26. Passed in 2004: covers TVs and computer monitors (includes laptops) from Maine households Municipalities collect from household, send/contract to state-approved consolidators (facility or pickup) Collection from household not funded by system Consolidators count brands, follow ESM guidelines, bill manufacturers for actual count + orphan share Manufacturers submit compliance plans, file reports, pay invoices from all consolidators Maine Law

27. Financial& OperationalRequirements • Maine • Manufacturers/Retailers meeting manufacturer definition choose recycling plan method of payment: • Pay consolidator count of claimed brands + orphans • Pick up % pile of return share weight + orphans • OR, have branded product separated + orphans for pickup by chosen recycler • As of December 2007, 394 brands claimed by 167 manufacturers

28. Passed in 2005 Creates statewide recycling program Registration and fee required for manufacturers of more than 1,000 covered devices per year 1,000 can be sold anywhere, not just in MD Computers defined as: “desktop personal computer or laptop computer, including the computer monitor” 2008 now adds TVs Maryland Computer Recycling Law

29. Maryland New manufacturers pay a $10K initial annual registration fee and submit list of brands by December 31 each year If a manufacturer is renewing, the annual fee is $5K without a take-back program and $500 with a take-back program Collected fees to state funds for grants to local governments Retailers may not sell brands of computers without brand labels or whose manufacturer has not paid a registration fee. Financial& OperationalRequirements

30. Producer Responsibility with default Manufacturer responsible for “equivalent share” either on own or pay into State quasi-govt organization No collection goal, but must meet your % at year’s end or pay penalty (refund if collecting more than %) Covers CA/ME products + Desktop Computers Ban on exports to developing countries according to Basel Convention[VETOED] Programs must be effective Jan 2009 Washington Law

31. Financial& OperationalRequirements • Washington • Manufacturers may/must join Standard Plan (no choice if a white box or new entrant manufacturer) to manage and finance recycling program • Manufacturers may petition to start on own or with others an independent plan (if combined return share above 5%) • Retailer may not sell covered products if manufacturer is not registered and part of an approved plan • Violation for both retailer and manufacturer • As of late December 2007, 196 manufacturers with 266 total brands

32. Financial& OperationalRequirements • Minnesota • Manufacturers must recycle or purchase rights to pounds for volume equal to 60% of weight sold in MN (Jul 07 – Jun 08) • Increases to 80% in FY 08 • Annual report and penalties per pound for any shortfall, excess can be converted to “credits” • Retailer may not sell covered products if manufacturer is not registered • Retailer must report to manufacturer on its brand(s) sales by Jul 1 annually

33. Financial& OperationalRequirements • Connecticut • Like Maine, state approves recyclers and submit bills to manufacturers for their brands collected + orphan share • Orphans determined by market, not return share • Retailer may not sell covered products if manufacturer is not registered and part of an approved plan

34. Financial& OperationalRequirements • Oregon • Like WA, manufacturers participate in State Contractor Program or Independent Program (5% return share minimum) • Computer manufacturers pay based on their share of the electronic wastes collected in a year plus their share of orphan products recycled. • Television manufacturers based on return share, with the recycling fee prorated based on market share • No separate authority, state DEQ runs/outsources Contractor Program • Annual cost for Contractor Program due Sept 1 (total cost for year) • Manufacturers register and pay fee annually • Retailers must ensure they sell only CEDs from registered and compliant manufacturers

35. Financial& OperationalRequirements • North Carolina • Unclear at this point, covered manufacturers must submit plan to the state, pay registration fee • AND manufacturers must provide transportation and fully cover the costs of processing for equipment received from covered product “collectors” (collectors get to “central locations”)

36. Financial& OperationalRequirements • Texas • Manufacturers must adopt and implement recovery plans by Sept 1 2008 • Recovery plan must offer cost-free recycling opportunity for its products from consumers through methods such as: mailback, collection events, physical collection sites, etc. • Annual reports from manufacturer due beginning Jan 31 2010 • Retailers must ensure brands sold on our state compliance list

37. Does not include separate laws on mercury or energy. California Restrictions on heavy metals specified in EU RoHS for California’s covered electronic devices (CEDs) only Maine No specific requirements, but state procurement preferences Maryland, Oregon, Connecticut, Texas, North Carolina None Washington, Minnesota Reporting requirement only Product Design Requirements

38. January 1, 2007: RoHS substances banned from covered products for sale in CA December 31, 2007 – Registration due in OR, must declare Contractor or intent to pursue own program January 1, 2008: Registration/admin fees due in CT, MD and WA – must declare independent or standard plan on WA registration form February 1, 2008: Initial standard and independent plans due in WA to government for review/approval April 1, 2008: Manufacturers provide list of covered products to retailers in CA (including portable DVD) Timelines/Deadlines

39. July 1, 2008: Manufacturer reports due in ME and CA; retailer reports to manufacturers due in MN July 1, 2008: Manufacturer registration fee due in OR September 1, 2008: Manufacturers in Contractor program must pay annual costs for 2009 program in OR September 1, 2008: Manufacturers submit report to MN on pounds collected, pay penalties for under-collection September 1, 2008: TX recovery plans enforced January 1, 2009: Plans must be fully operational in WA, OR, CT, NC! Timelines/Deadlines

40. States expected with significant e-waste activity in 2008: New York/New York City Massachusetts New Jersey Illinois Wisconsin Pennsylvania South Carolina North Carolina (again) Rhode Island Michigan Virginia Missouri States to Watch in 2008

41. Thank You! Jason Linnell jlinnell@electronicsrecycling.org Visit us on the web: www.ncerwv.org www.ecyclingresource.org